How Fast Could Supermassive Black Holes Grow At the Epoch of Reionization?
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909856190955520 |
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| author | Wu, Ziyong Cen, Renyue Teyssier, Romain |
| author_facet | Wu, Ziyong Cen, Renyue Teyssier, Romain |
| contents | Utilizing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations we show that there is a brief super-Eddington accretion phase in typical halos at high redshift, impervious to AGN self-regulation. However, once having attained a black hole mass of $10^4-10^5\msun$, AGN feedback process can self-regulate to guide the SMBHs to grow at a significantly slower, sub-Eddington rate. By redshift $z\sim 10$ the black hole mass with an initial super-Eddington jump-start is caught up by that in the case with a steady Eddington limited case. Thus a continuous Eddington limit case represents the fastest possible route to maximally grow SMBHs. To account for the observed $z=7-10$ quasars with supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses, our analysis establishes firmer ground for the need of seed masses of $10^4-10^5\msun$ that are not grown via an earlier super-Eddington phase. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_16532 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | How Fast Could Supermassive Black Holes Grow At the Epoch of Reionization? Wu, Ziyong Cen, Renyue Teyssier, Romain Astrophysics of Galaxies Utilizing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations we show that there is a brief super-Eddington accretion phase in typical halos at high redshift, impervious to AGN self-regulation. However, once having attained a black hole mass of $10^4-10^5\msun$, AGN feedback process can self-regulate to guide the SMBHs to grow at a significantly slower, sub-Eddington rate. By redshift $z\sim 10$ the black hole mass with an initial super-Eddington jump-start is caught up by that in the case with a steady Eddington limited case. Thus a continuous Eddington limit case represents the fastest possible route to maximally grow SMBHs. To account for the observed $z=7-10$ quasars with supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses, our analysis establishes firmer ground for the need of seed masses of $10^4-10^5\msun$ that are not grown via an earlier super-Eddington phase. |
| title | How Fast Could Supermassive Black Holes Grow At the Epoch of Reionization? |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16532 |