Exact Nearest-Neighbor Search on Energy-Efficient FPGA Devices

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dazzi, Patrizio, Guglielmo, William, Nardini, Franco Maria, Perego, Raffaele, Trani, Salvatore
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866915563052204032
author Dazzi, Patrizio
Guglielmo, William
Nardini, Franco Maria
Perego, Raffaele
Trani, Salvatore
author_facet Dazzi, Patrizio
Guglielmo, William
Nardini, Franco Maria
Perego, Raffaele
Trani, Salvatore
contents This paper investigates the usage of FPGA devices for energy-efficient exact kNN search in high-dimension latent spaces. This work intercepts a relevant trend that tries to support the increasing popularity of learned representations based on neural encoder models by making their large-scale adoption greener and more inclusive. The paper proposes two different energy-efficient solutions adopting the same FPGA low-level configuration. The first solution maximizes system throughput by processing the queries of a batch in parallel over a streamed dataset not fitting into the FPGA memory. The second minimizes latency by processing each kNN incoming query in parallel over an in-memory dataset. Reproducible experiments on publicly available image and text datasets show that our solution outperforms state-of-the-art CPU-based competitors regarding throughput, latency, and energy consumption. Specifically, experiments show that the proposed FPGA solutions achieve the best throughput in terms of queries per second and the best-observed latency with scale-up factors of up to 16.6X. Similar considerations can be made regarding energy efficiency, where results show that our solutions can achieve up to 11.9X energy saving w.r.t. strong CPU-based competitors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_16736
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exact Nearest-Neighbor Search on Energy-Efficient FPGA Devices
Dazzi, Patrizio
Guglielmo, William
Nardini, Franco Maria
Perego, Raffaele
Trani, Salvatore
Information Retrieval
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
This paper investigates the usage of FPGA devices for energy-efficient exact kNN search in high-dimension latent spaces. This work intercepts a relevant trend that tries to support the increasing popularity of learned representations based on neural encoder models by making their large-scale adoption greener and more inclusive. The paper proposes two different energy-efficient solutions adopting the same FPGA low-level configuration. The first solution maximizes system throughput by processing the queries of a batch in parallel over a streamed dataset not fitting into the FPGA memory. The second minimizes latency by processing each kNN incoming query in parallel over an in-memory dataset. Reproducible experiments on publicly available image and text datasets show that our solution outperforms state-of-the-art CPU-based competitors regarding throughput, latency, and energy consumption. Specifically, experiments show that the proposed FPGA solutions achieve the best throughput in terms of queries per second and the best-observed latency with scale-up factors of up to 16.6X. Similar considerations can be made regarding energy efficiency, where results show that our solutions can achieve up to 11.9X energy saving w.r.t. strong CPU-based competitors.
title Exact Nearest-Neighbor Search on Energy-Efficient FPGA Devices
topic Information Retrieval
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16736