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Optimizing Kilonova Searches: A Case Study of the Type IIb SN 2025ulz in the Localization Volume of the Low-Significance Gravitational Wave Event S250818k

Fuente: arXiv

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Franz, Noah, Subrayan, Bhagya, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Sand, David J., Alexander, Kate D., Fong, Wen-fai, Christy, Collin T., Pearson, Jeniveve, Laskar, Tanmoy, Hsu, Brian, Rastinejad, Jillian, Lundquist, Michael J., Berger, Edo, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Bom, Clecio R., Darc, Phelipe, Gurwell, Mark, Schimpf, Shelbi Hostler, Keating, Garrett K., Noel, Phillip, Ransome, Conor, Rao, Ramprasad, Santana-Silva, Luidhy, Santos, A. Souza, Shrestha, Manisha, Anche, Ramya, Andrews, Jennifer E., Borthakur, Sanchayeeta, Butler, Nathaniel R., Coppejans, Deanne L., Daly, Philip N, Daniel, Kathryne J., Duffell, Paul C., Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Fields, Carl E., Gagliano, Alexander T., Golay, Walter W., Grichener, Aldana, Hamden, Erika T., Hiramatsu, Daichi, Kumar, Harsh, Manikantan, Vikram, Margutti, Raffaella, Paschalidis, Vasileios, Paterson, Kerry, Reichart, Daniel E., Renzo, Mathieu, Salmas, Kali, Schroeder, Genevieve, Smith, Nathan, Spekkens, Kristine, Strader, Jay, Trilling, David E., Vieira, Nicholas, Weiner, Benjamin, Williams, Peter K. G.
Formato:	Preprint
Publicado:	2025
Materias:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Acceso en línea:	Acceder al recurso
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

_version_	1866918171037925376
author	Franz, Noah Subrayan, Bhagya Kilpatrick, Charles D. Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Sand, David J. Alexander, Kate D. Fong, Wen-fai Christy, Collin T. Pearson, Jeniveve Laskar, Tanmoy Hsu, Brian Rastinejad, Jillian Lundquist, Michael J. Berger, Edo Bostroem, K. Azalee Bom, Clecio R. Darc, Phelipe Gurwell, Mark Schimpf, Shelbi Hostler Keating, Garrett K. Noel, Phillip Ransome, Conor Rao, Ramprasad Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, A. Souza Shrestha, Manisha Anche, Ramya Andrews, Jennifer E. Borthakur, Sanchayeeta Butler, Nathaniel R. Coppejans, Deanne L. Daly, Philip N Daniel, Kathryne J. Duffell, Paul C. Eftekhari, Tarraneh Fields, Carl E. Gagliano, Alexander T. Golay, Walter W. Grichener, Aldana Hamden, Erika T. Hiramatsu, Daichi Kumar, Harsh Manikantan, Vikram Margutti, Raffaella Paschalidis, Vasileios Paterson, Kerry Reichart, Daniel E. Renzo, Mathieu Salmas, Kali Schroeder, Genevieve Smith, Nathan Spekkens, Kristine Strader, Jay Trilling, David E. Vieira, Nicholas Weiner, Benjamin Williams, Peter K. G.
author_facet	Franz, Noah Subrayan, Bhagya Kilpatrick, Charles D. Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Sand, David J. Alexander, Kate D. Fong, Wen-fai Christy, Collin T. Pearson, Jeniveve Laskar, Tanmoy Hsu, Brian Rastinejad, Jillian Lundquist, Michael J. Berger, Edo Bostroem, K. Azalee Bom, Clecio R. Darc, Phelipe Gurwell, Mark Schimpf, Shelbi Hostler Keating, Garrett K. Noel, Phillip Ransome, Conor Rao, Ramprasad Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, A. Souza Shrestha, Manisha Anche, Ramya Andrews, Jennifer E. Borthakur, Sanchayeeta Butler, Nathaniel R. Coppejans, Deanne L. Daly, Philip N Daniel, Kathryne J. Duffell, Paul C. Eftekhari, Tarraneh Fields, Carl E. Gagliano, Alexander T. Golay, Walter W. Grichener, Aldana Hamden, Erika T. Hiramatsu, Daichi Kumar, Harsh Manikantan, Vikram Margutti, Raffaella Paschalidis, Vasileios Paterson, Kerry Reichart, Daniel E. Renzo, Mathieu Salmas, Kali Schroeder, Genevieve Smith, Nathan Spekkens, Kristine Strader, Jay Trilling, David E. Vieira, Nicholas Weiner, Benjamin Williams, Peter K. G.
contents	Kilonovae, the ultraviolet/optical/infrared counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, are an exceptionally rare class of transients. Optical follow-up campaigns are plagued by contaminating transients, which may mimic kilonovae, but do not receive sufficient observations to measure the full photometric evolution. In this work, we present an analysis of the multi-wavelength dataset of supernova (SN) 2025ulz, a proposed kilonova candidate following the low-significance detection of gravitational waves originating from the potential binary neutron star merger S250818k. Despite an early rapid decline in brightness, our multi-wavelength observations of SN 2025ulz reveal that it is a type IIb supernova. As part of this analysis, we demonstrate the capabilities of a novel quantitative scoring algorithm to determine the likelihood that a transient candidate is a kilonova, based primarily on its 3D location and light curve evolution. We also apply our scoring algorithm to other transient candidates in the localization volume of S250818k and find that, at all times after the discovery of SN 2025ulz, there are $\geq 4$ candidates with a score comparable to SN 2025ulz, indicating that the kilonova search may have benefited from the additional follow-up of other candidates. During future kilonova searches, this type of scoring algorithm will be useful to rule out contaminating transients in real time, optimizing the use of valuable telescope resources.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17104
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Optimizing Kilonova Searches: A Case Study of the Type IIb SN 2025ulz in the Localization Volume of the Low-Significance Gravitational Wave Event S250818k Franz, Noah Subrayan, Bhagya Kilpatrick, Charles D. Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Sand, David J. Alexander, Kate D. Fong, Wen-fai Christy, Collin T. Pearson, Jeniveve Laskar, Tanmoy Hsu, Brian Rastinejad, Jillian Lundquist, Michael J. Berger, Edo Bostroem, K. Azalee Bom, Clecio R. Darc, Phelipe Gurwell, Mark Schimpf, Shelbi Hostler Keating, Garrett K. Noel, Phillip Ransome, Conor Rao, Ramprasad Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, A. Souza Shrestha, Manisha Anche, Ramya Andrews, Jennifer E. Borthakur, Sanchayeeta Butler, Nathaniel R. Coppejans, Deanne L. Daly, Philip N Daniel, Kathryne J. Duffell, Paul C. Eftekhari, Tarraneh Fields, Carl E. Gagliano, Alexander T. Golay, Walter W. Grichener, Aldana Hamden, Erika T. Hiramatsu, Daichi Kumar, Harsh Manikantan, Vikram Margutti, Raffaella Paschalidis, Vasileios Paterson, Kerry Reichart, Daniel E. Renzo, Mathieu Salmas, Kali Schroeder, Genevieve Smith, Nathan Spekkens, Kristine Strader, Jay Trilling, David E. Vieira, Nicholas Weiner, Benjamin Williams, Peter K. G. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Kilonovae, the ultraviolet/optical/infrared counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, are an exceptionally rare class of transients. Optical follow-up campaigns are plagued by contaminating transients, which may mimic kilonovae, but do not receive sufficient observations to measure the full photometric evolution. In this work, we present an analysis of the multi-wavelength dataset of supernova (SN) 2025ulz, a proposed kilonova candidate following the low-significance detection of gravitational waves originating from the potential binary neutron star merger S250818k. Despite an early rapid decline in brightness, our multi-wavelength observations of SN 2025ulz reveal that it is a type IIb supernova. As part of this analysis, we demonstrate the capabilities of a novel quantitative scoring algorithm to determine the likelihood that a transient candidate is a kilonova, based primarily on its 3D location and light curve evolution. We also apply our scoring algorithm to other transient candidates in the localization volume of S250818k and find that, at all times after the discovery of SN 2025ulz, there are $\geq 4$ candidates with a score comparable to SN 2025ulz, indicating that the kilonova search may have benefited from the additional follow-up of other candidates. During future kilonova searches, this type of scoring algorithm will be useful to rule out contaminating transients in real time, optimizing the use of valuable telescope resources.
title	Optimizing Kilonova Searches: A Case Study of the Type IIb SN 2025ulz in the Localization Volume of the Low-Significance Gravitational Wave Event S250818k
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17104