Soft-Masked Diffusion Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Hersche, Michael, Moor-Smith, Samuel, Hofmann, Thomas, Rahimi, Abbas
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Hersche, Michael
Moor-Smith, Samuel
Hofmann, Thomas
Rahimi, Abbas
author_facet Hersche, Michael
Moor-Smith, Samuel
Hofmann, Thomas
Rahimi, Abbas
contents Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation and built-in self-correction mechanisms. Most modern diffusion-based language models employ masked diffusion, where decoding involves iteratively processing masked tokens based on a binary decision: either retaining the mask or replacing it with the predicted token. However, this binary choice discards valuable predictive information when the mask is retained. To address this limitation, we introduce soft-masking (SM), a novel method that dynamically blends the embedding of the mask token with the embeddings of the top-k predicted tokens from the previous decoding step, for each retained mask. This provides the model with a more informative prior, preserving context from earlier computations and allowing partial information about masked tokens to propagate beyond a single step. We propose a training methodology that efficiently adapts masked diffusion language models to incorporate SM. We demonstrate that training a 169M parameter model from scratch with SM yields superior perplexity and MAUVE scores compared to binary masking baselines. Similarly, a pretrained model can be enhanced with SM through continued pretraining. Finally, we finetune two state-of-the-art diffusion models, Dream-7B and Dream-Coder-7B, with SM. SM consistently improves performance across multiple coding benchmarks, particularly in high-throughput settings. The code is available at https://github.com/IBM/soft-masked-diffusion-language-models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17206
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Soft-Masked Diffusion Language Models
Hersche, Michael
Moor-Smith, Samuel
Hofmann, Thomas
Rahimi, Abbas
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation and built-in self-correction mechanisms. Most modern diffusion-based language models employ masked diffusion, where decoding involves iteratively processing masked tokens based on a binary decision: either retaining the mask or replacing it with the predicted token. However, this binary choice discards valuable predictive information when the mask is retained. To address this limitation, we introduce soft-masking (SM), a novel method that dynamically blends the embedding of the mask token with the embeddings of the top-k predicted tokens from the previous decoding step, for each retained mask. This provides the model with a more informative prior, preserving context from earlier computations and allowing partial information about masked tokens to propagate beyond a single step. We propose a training methodology that efficiently adapts masked diffusion language models to incorporate SM. We demonstrate that training a 169M parameter model from scratch with SM yields superior perplexity and MAUVE scores compared to binary masking baselines. Similarly, a pretrained model can be enhanced with SM through continued pretraining. Finally, we finetune two state-of-the-art diffusion models, Dream-7B and Dream-Coder-7B, with SM. SM consistently improves performance across multiple coding benchmarks, particularly in high-throughput settings. The code is available at https://github.com/IBM/soft-masked-diffusion-language-models.
title Soft-Masked Diffusion Language Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17206