Enhanced Motion Forecasting with Plug-and-Play Multimodal Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Luo, Katie, Ji, Jingwei, He, Tong, Xu, Runsheng, Xie, Yichen, Anguelov, Dragomir, Tan, Mingxing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Luo, Katie
Ji, Jingwei
He, Tong
Xu, Runsheng
Xie, Yichen
Anguelov, Dragomir
Tan, Mingxing
author_facet Luo, Katie
Ji, Jingwei
He, Tong
Xu, Runsheng
Xie, Yichen
Anguelov, Dragomir
Tan, Mingxing
contents Current autonomous driving systems rely on specialized models for perceiving and predicting motion, which demonstrate reliable performance in standard conditions. However, generalizing cost-effectively to diverse real-world scenarios remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose Plug-and-Forecast (PnF), a plug-and-play approach that augments existing motion forecasting models with multimodal large language models (MLLMs). PnF builds on the insight that natural language provides a more effective way to describe and handle complex scenarios, enabling quick adaptation to targeted behaviors. We design prompts to extract structured scene understanding from MLLMs and distill this information into learnable embeddings to augment existing behavior prediction models. Our method leverages the zero-shot reasoning capabilities of MLLMs to achieve significant improvements in motion prediction performance, while requiring no fine-tuning -- making it practical to adopt. We validate our approach on two state-of-the-art motion forecasting models using the Waymo Open Motion Dataset and the nuScenes Dataset, demonstrating consistent performance improvements across both benchmarks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17274
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Enhanced Motion Forecasting with Plug-and-Play Multimodal Large Language Models
Luo, Katie
Ji, Jingwei
He, Tong
Xu, Runsheng
Xie, Yichen
Anguelov, Dragomir
Tan, Mingxing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Current autonomous driving systems rely on specialized models for perceiving and predicting motion, which demonstrate reliable performance in standard conditions. However, generalizing cost-effectively to diverse real-world scenarios remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose Plug-and-Forecast (PnF), a plug-and-play approach that augments existing motion forecasting models with multimodal large language models (MLLMs). PnF builds on the insight that natural language provides a more effective way to describe and handle complex scenarios, enabling quick adaptation to targeted behaviors. We design prompts to extract structured scene understanding from MLLMs and distill this information into learnable embeddings to augment existing behavior prediction models. Our method leverages the zero-shot reasoning capabilities of MLLMs to achieve significant improvements in motion prediction performance, while requiring no fine-tuning -- making it practical to adopt. We validate our approach on two state-of-the-art motion forecasting models using the Waymo Open Motion Dataset and the nuScenes Dataset, demonstrating consistent performance improvements across both benchmarks.
title Enhanced Motion Forecasting with Plug-and-Play Multimodal Large Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17274