An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Corichi, Alejandro, Gallegos, Omar
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Corichi, Alejandro
Gallegos, Omar
author_facet Corichi, Alejandro
Gallegos, Omar
contents The second law of thermodynamics constitutes a fundamental principle of physics, precluding the existence of perpetual motion machines and providing a natural definition of the arrow of time. Its scope extends across virtually all areas of physical theory. Nonetheless, certain systems are known to admit negative absolute temperatures under well-defined conditions, a phenomenon that has been experimentally observed. In this work, we formulate an \textit{extended} version of the first and second laws, which recovers the conventional statement for positive temperatures and extends its applicability to the negative-temperature domain. Illustrative examples are discussed in the contexts of quantum cosmology and Onsager's vortices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17560
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics
Corichi, Alejandro
Gallegos, Omar
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Mathematical Physics
The second law of thermodynamics constitutes a fundamental principle of physics, precluding the existence of perpetual motion machines and providing a natural definition of the arrow of time. Its scope extends across virtually all areas of physical theory. Nonetheless, certain systems are known to admit negative absolute temperatures under well-defined conditions, a phenomenon that has been experimentally observed. In this work, we formulate an \textit{extended} version of the first and second laws, which recovers the conventional statement for positive temperatures and extends its applicability to the negative-temperature domain. Illustrative examples are discussed in the contexts of quantum cosmology and Onsager's vortices.
title An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Mathematical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17560