An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics
Fuente:
arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866915564246532096 |
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| author | Corichi, Alejandro Gallegos, Omar |
| author_facet | Corichi, Alejandro Gallegos, Omar |
| contents | The second law of thermodynamics constitutes a fundamental principle of physics, precluding the existence of perpetual motion machines and providing a natural definition of the arrow of time. Its scope extends across virtually all areas of physical theory. Nonetheless, certain systems are known to admit negative absolute temperatures under well-defined conditions, a phenomenon that has been experimentally observed. In this work, we formulate an \textit{extended} version of the first and second laws, which recovers the conventional statement for positive temperatures and extends its applicability to the negative-temperature domain. Illustrative examples are discussed in the contexts of quantum cosmology and Onsager's vortices. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17560 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics Corichi, Alejandro Gallegos, Omar General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory Mathematical Physics The second law of thermodynamics constitutes a fundamental principle of physics, precluding the existence of perpetual motion machines and providing a natural definition of the arrow of time. Its scope extends across virtually all areas of physical theory. Nonetheless, certain systems are known to admit negative absolute temperatures under well-defined conditions, a phenomenon that has been experimentally observed. In this work, we formulate an \textit{extended} version of the first and second laws, which recovers the conventional statement for positive temperatures and extends its applicability to the negative-temperature domain. Illustrative examples are discussed in the contexts of quantum cosmology and Onsager's vortices. |
| title | An Extended Second Law of Thermodynamics |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory Mathematical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17560 |