Anomalous terahertz nonlinearity in disordered s-wave superconductor close to the superconductor-insulator transition

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Hao, Yuan, Jiayu, Shi, Hongkai, Li, Haojie, Jia, Xiaoqing, Song, Xiaohui, Shi, Liyu, Wu, Tianyi, Yue, Li, Li, Yangmu, Jin, Kui, Wu, Dong, Luo, Jianlin, Wang, Xinbo, Dong, Tao, Wang, Nanlin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Hao
Yuan, Jiayu
Shi, Hongkai
Li, Haojie
Jia, Xiaoqing
Song, Xiaohui
Shi, Liyu
Wu, Tianyi
Yue, Li
Li, Yangmu
Jin, Kui
Wu, Dong
Luo, Jianlin
Wang, Xinbo
Dong, Tao
Wang, Nanlin
author_facet Wang, Hao
Yuan, Jiayu
Shi, Hongkai
Li, Haojie
Jia, Xiaoqing
Song, Xiaohui
Shi, Liyu
Wu, Tianyi
Yue, Li
Li, Yangmu
Jin, Kui
Wu, Dong
Luo, Jianlin
Wang, Xinbo
Dong, Tao
Wang, Nanlin
contents Detection of the Higgs mode in superconductors using nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy is a key area of interest in condensed matter physics. We investigate the influence of disorder on the nonlinear terahertz response and the Higgs mode in NbN thin films with varying Ioffe-Regel parameters ($k_Fl$). In strongly disordered films near the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), we observe an anomalous third-harmonic generation (THG) signal above $T_c$, which is absent in both cleaner superconducting and non-superconducting counterparts. The persistence of this normal-state THG signal in a high magnetic field excludes superconducting fluctuations as its origin. Below $T_c$, the THG intensity increases sharply, indicating a dominant contribution from the driven Higgs mode. The THG spectrum of the strongly disordered sample exhibits a broadened, multi-peak structure, which we attribute to quantum path interference between distinct channels involving unpaired electrons and Cooper pairs within emergent superconducting islands. Our findings not only demonstrate how disorder tunes the nonlinear terahertz response but also uncover a strong coupling between electrons responsible for normal-state THG and the superconducting Higgs mode below $T_c$ in strongly disordered samples.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17674
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Anomalous terahertz nonlinearity in disordered s-wave superconductor close to the superconductor-insulator transition
Wang, Hao
Yuan, Jiayu
Shi, Hongkai
Li, Haojie
Jia, Xiaoqing
Song, Xiaohui
Shi, Liyu
Wu, Tianyi
Yue, Li
Li, Yangmu
Jin, Kui
Wu, Dong
Luo, Jianlin
Wang, Xinbo
Dong, Tao
Wang, Nanlin
Superconductivity
Detection of the Higgs mode in superconductors using nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy is a key area of interest in condensed matter physics. We investigate the influence of disorder on the nonlinear terahertz response and the Higgs mode in NbN thin films with varying Ioffe-Regel parameters ($k_Fl$). In strongly disordered films near the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), we observe an anomalous third-harmonic generation (THG) signal above $T_c$, which is absent in both cleaner superconducting and non-superconducting counterparts. The persistence of this normal-state THG signal in a high magnetic field excludes superconducting fluctuations as its origin. Below $T_c$, the THG intensity increases sharply, indicating a dominant contribution from the driven Higgs mode. The THG spectrum of the strongly disordered sample exhibits a broadened, multi-peak structure, which we attribute to quantum path interference between distinct channels involving unpaired electrons and Cooper pairs within emergent superconducting islands. Our findings not only demonstrate how disorder tunes the nonlinear terahertz response but also uncover a strong coupling between electrons responsible for normal-state THG and the superconducting Higgs mode below $T_c$ in strongly disordered samples.
title Anomalous terahertz nonlinearity in disordered s-wave superconductor close to the superconductor-insulator transition
topic Superconductivity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17674