Experimental preparation of W states through many-body physics on a quantum simulator
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911222758113280 |
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| author | Catalano, Alberto Giuseppe Dağ, Ceren Torre, Gianpaolo Giampaolo, Salvatore Marco Franchini, Fabio |
| author_facet | Catalano, Alberto Giuseppe Dağ, Ceren Torre, Gianpaolo Giampaolo, Salvatore Marco Franchini, Fabio |
| contents | $W$ states are quantum correlated states possessing both bipartite and multipartite entanglement, which makes them useful for several quantum algorithms. We propose a protocol to generate these states by exploiting {\it topological ring frustration}, and implement it on a programmable Rydberg atom array up to 11 qubits, successfully generating many-body $W$ states of Rubidium atoms. Numerical simulations show promising scaling of the algorithm to tens of qubits with near-term achievable updates on the quantum machines. To validate our state preparation protocol and probe quantum entanglement, we devise a fidelity estimator that requires only two sets of measurements. To implement it, we develop a novel and efficient Bayesian state-tomography approach that takes advantage of accurate classical numerical simulations to overcome limitations in the experimental setup. Hence, a lower bound fidelity of around $77\%$ is certified for the experimentally prepared state of 11 qubits. This work provides a state-of-the-art procedure to generate high-quality quantum entangled $W$ states, demonstrating once more how principles of physics can overcome traditional barriers of computation, and be exploited for quantum advantage. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_17974 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Experimental preparation of W states through many-body physics on a quantum simulator Catalano, Alberto Giuseppe Dağ, Ceren Torre, Gianpaolo Giampaolo, Salvatore Marco Franchini, Fabio Quantum Physics Quantum Gases $W$ states are quantum correlated states possessing both bipartite and multipartite entanglement, which makes them useful for several quantum algorithms. We propose a protocol to generate these states by exploiting {\it topological ring frustration}, and implement it on a programmable Rydberg atom array up to 11 qubits, successfully generating many-body $W$ states of Rubidium atoms. Numerical simulations show promising scaling of the algorithm to tens of qubits with near-term achievable updates on the quantum machines. To validate our state preparation protocol and probe quantum entanglement, we devise a fidelity estimator that requires only two sets of measurements. To implement it, we develop a novel and efficient Bayesian state-tomography approach that takes advantage of accurate classical numerical simulations to overcome limitations in the experimental setup. Hence, a lower bound fidelity of around $77\%$ is certified for the experimentally prepared state of 11 qubits. This work provides a state-of-the-art procedure to generate high-quality quantum entangled $W$ states, demonstrating once more how principles of physics can overcome traditional barriers of computation, and be exploited for quantum advantage. |
| title | Experimental preparation of W states through many-body physics on a quantum simulator |
| topic | Quantum Physics Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17974 |