Intruder Alert: Breaking Resonant Chains with Planetesimal Flybys

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Jiaru, O'Connor, Christopher E., Rasio, Frederic A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Jiaru
O'Connor, Christopher E.
Rasio, Frederic A.
author_facet Li, Jiaru
O'Connor, Christopher E.
Rasio, Frederic A.
contents The orbital architectures of compact exoplanet systems record their complicated dynamical histories. Recent research supports the ``breaking-the-chains'' hypothesis, which proposes that compact systems typically form in chains of mean-motion resonances (MMRs) but subsequently break out on a $\sim 100$Myr timescale. We investigate a scenario for breaking the chains through intermittent flybys of planetesimals originating from a distant reservoir. Using $N$-body simulations and semi-analytical calculations, we characterize the disruption of MMRs through these flybys. We find a planetesimal reservoir of total mass $\gtrsim 0.04 M_{\oplus}$ is required to disrupt MMR chains, depending on the mass distribution and the typical number of flybys executed by each planetesimal. We verify that systems disrupted in this way are frequently unstable to close encounters within $\sim 100$Myr of the final flyby. This mechanism operates in systems with both a sufficiently massive reservoir and an efficient mechanism for planetesimal injection. Consequently, we predict an anti-correlation between resonant inner systems and dynamically active outer configurations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_18955
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intruder Alert: Breaking Resonant Chains with Planetesimal Flybys
Li, Jiaru
O'Connor, Christopher E.
Rasio, Frederic A.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
The orbital architectures of compact exoplanet systems record their complicated dynamical histories. Recent research supports the ``breaking-the-chains'' hypothesis, which proposes that compact systems typically form in chains of mean-motion resonances (MMRs) but subsequently break out on a $\sim 100$Myr timescale. We investigate a scenario for breaking the chains through intermittent flybys of planetesimals originating from a distant reservoir. Using $N$-body simulations and semi-analytical calculations, we characterize the disruption of MMRs through these flybys. We find a planetesimal reservoir of total mass $\gtrsim 0.04 M_{\oplus}$ is required to disrupt MMR chains, depending on the mass distribution and the typical number of flybys executed by each planetesimal. We verify that systems disrupted in this way are frequently unstable to close encounters within $\sim 100$Myr of the final flyby. This mechanism operates in systems with both a sufficiently massive reservoir and an efficient mechanism for planetesimal injection. Consequently, we predict an anti-correlation between resonant inner systems and dynamically active outer configurations.
title Intruder Alert: Breaking Resonant Chains with Planetesimal Flybys
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18955