Time delay embeddings to characterize the timbre of musical instruments using Topological Data Analysis: a study on synthetic and real data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sato, Gakusei, Nakao, Hiroya, Muolo, Riccardo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sato, Gakusei
Nakao, Hiroya
Muolo, Riccardo
author_facet Sato, Gakusei
Nakao, Hiroya
Muolo, Riccardo
contents Timbre allows us to distinguish between sounds even when they share the same pitch and loudness, playing an important role in music, instrument recognition, and speech. Traditional approaches, such as frequency analysis or machine learning, often overlook subtle characteristics of sound. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) can capture complex patterns, but its application to timbre has been limited, partly because it is unclear how to represent sound effectively for TDA. In this study, we investigate how different time delay embeddings affect TDA results. Using both synthetic and real audio signals, we identify time delays that enhance the detection of harmonic structures. Our findings show that specific delays, related to fractions of the fundamental period, allow TDA to reveal key harmonic features and distinguish between integer and non-integer harmonics. The method is effective for synthetic and real musical instrument sounds and opens the way for future works, which could extend it to more complex sounds using higher-dimensional embeddings and additional persistence statistics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_19435
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time delay embeddings to characterize the timbre of musical instruments using Topological Data Analysis: a study on synthetic and real data
Sato, Gakusei
Nakao, Hiroya
Muolo, Riccardo
Sound
Algebraic Topology
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Physics and Society
Timbre allows us to distinguish between sounds even when they share the same pitch and loudness, playing an important role in music, instrument recognition, and speech. Traditional approaches, such as frequency analysis or machine learning, often overlook subtle characteristics of sound. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) can capture complex patterns, but its application to timbre has been limited, partly because it is unclear how to represent sound effectively for TDA. In this study, we investigate how different time delay embeddings affect TDA results. Using both synthetic and real audio signals, we identify time delays that enhance the detection of harmonic structures. Our findings show that specific delays, related to fractions of the fundamental period, allow TDA to reveal key harmonic features and distinguish between integer and non-integer harmonics. The method is effective for synthetic and real musical instrument sounds and opens the way for future works, which could extend it to more complex sounds using higher-dimensional embeddings and additional persistence statistics.
title Time delay embeddings to characterize the timbre of musical instruments using Topological Data Analysis: a study on synthetic and real data
topic Sound
Algebraic Topology
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Physics and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19435