Discovery of a Nearby Habitable Zone Super-Earth Candidate Amenable to Direct Imaging
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Beard, Corey Robertson, Paul Lubin, Jack Ford, Eric B. Mahadevan, Suvrath Stefansson, Gudmundur Wright, Jason T. Wolf, Eric Kofman, Vincent Venkatesan, Vidya Kopparapu, Ravi Arendtsz, Roan Holcomb, Rae Martinez, Raquel A. Sallum, Stephanie Luhn, Jacob K. Bender, Chad F. Blake, Cullen H. Cochran, William D. Delamer, Megan Diddams, Scott A. Endl, Michael Halverson, Samuel Kanodia, Shubham Krolikowski, Daniel M. Lin, Andrea S. J. Logsdon, Sarah E. McElwain, Michael W. Monson, Andrew Ninan, Joe P. Rajagopal, Jayadev Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Terrien, Ryan C. |
| author_facet | Beard, Corey Robertson, Paul Lubin, Jack Ford, Eric B. Mahadevan, Suvrath Stefansson, Gudmundur Wright, Jason T. Wolf, Eric Kofman, Vincent Venkatesan, Vidya Kopparapu, Ravi Arendtsz, Roan Holcomb, Rae Martinez, Raquel A. Sallum, Stephanie Luhn, Jacob K. Bender, Chad F. Blake, Cullen H. Cochran, William D. Delamer, Megan Diddams, Scott A. Endl, Michael Halverson, Samuel Kanodia, Shubham Krolikowski, Daniel M. Lin, Andrea S. J. Logsdon, Sarah E. McElwain, Michael W. Monson, Andrew Ninan, Joe P. Rajagopal, Jayadev Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Terrien, Ryan C. |
| contents | We present the discovery of GJ 251 c, a candidate super-Earth orbiting in the Habitable Zone (HZ) of its M dwarf host star. Using high-precision Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) and NEID RVs, in conjunction with archival RVs from the Keck I High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES), the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrograph (CARMENES), and the SPectropolarimètre InfraROUge (SPIRou), we improve the measured parameters of the known planet, GJ 251 b ($P_{b}$ = 14.2370 days; $m \sin(i)$ = 3.85$^{+0.35}_{-0.33}$ M$_{\oplus}$), and we significantly constrain the minimum mass of GJ 251 c, placing it in a plausibly terrestrial regime (P$_{c}$ = 53.647 $\pm$ 0.044 days; $ m \sin i_{c}$ = 3.84 $\pm$ 0.75 M$_{\oplus}$). Using activity mitigation techniques that leverage chromatic information content, we perform a color-dependent analysis of the system and a detailed comparison of more than 50 models that describe the nature of the planets and stellar activity in the system. Due to GJ 251's proximity to Earth (5.5 pc), next generation, thirty meter class telescopes will likely be able to image terrestrial planets in GJ 251's HZ. In fact, GJ 251 c is currently the best candidate for terrestrial, HZ planet imaging in the Northern Sky. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_19956 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Discovery of a Nearby Habitable Zone Super-Earth Candidate Amenable to Direct Imaging Beard, Corey Robertson, Paul Lubin, Jack Ford, Eric B. Mahadevan, Suvrath Stefansson, Gudmundur Wright, Jason T. Wolf, Eric Kofman, Vincent Venkatesan, Vidya Kopparapu, Ravi Arendtsz, Roan Holcomb, Rae Martinez, Raquel A. Sallum, Stephanie Luhn, Jacob K. Bender, Chad F. Blake, Cullen H. Cochran, William D. Delamer, Megan Diddams, Scott A. Endl, Michael Halverson, Samuel Kanodia, Shubham Krolikowski, Daniel M. Lin, Andrea S. J. Logsdon, Sarah E. McElwain, Michael W. Monson, Andrew Ninan, Joe P. Rajagopal, Jayadev Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Terrien, Ryan C. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics We present the discovery of GJ 251 c, a candidate super-Earth orbiting in the Habitable Zone (HZ) of its M dwarf host star. Using high-precision Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) and NEID RVs, in conjunction with archival RVs from the Keck I High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES), the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrograph (CARMENES), and the SPectropolarimètre InfraROUge (SPIRou), we improve the measured parameters of the known planet, GJ 251 b ($P_{b}$ = 14.2370 days; $m \sin(i)$ = 3.85$^{+0.35}_{-0.33}$ M$_{\oplus}$), and we significantly constrain the minimum mass of GJ 251 c, placing it in a plausibly terrestrial regime (P$_{c}$ = 53.647 $\pm$ 0.044 days; $ m \sin i_{c}$ = 3.84 $\pm$ 0.75 M$_{\oplus}$). Using activity mitigation techniques that leverage chromatic information content, we perform a color-dependent analysis of the system and a detailed comparison of more than 50 models that describe the nature of the planets and stellar activity in the system. Due to GJ 251's proximity to Earth (5.5 pc), next generation, thirty meter class telescopes will likely be able to image terrestrial planets in GJ 251's HZ. In fact, GJ 251 c is currently the best candidate for terrestrial, HZ planet imaging in the Northern Sky. |
| title | Discovery of a Nearby Habitable Zone Super-Earth Candidate Amenable to Direct Imaging |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19956 |