Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Seo, Huichan, Choi, Sieun, Hong, Minki, Zhou, Yi, Kim, Junseo, Ismaila, Lukman, Etori, Naome, Agarwal, Mehul, Liu, Zhixuan, Kim, Jihie, Oh, Jean
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Seo, Huichan
Choi, Sieun
Hong, Minki
Zhou, Yi
Kim, Junseo
Ismaila, Lukman
Etori, Naome
Agarwal, Mehul
Liu, Zhixuan
Kim, Jihie
Oh, Jean
author_facet Seo, Huichan
Choi, Sieun
Hong, Minki
Zhou, Yi
Kim, Junseo
Ismaila, Lukman
Etori, Naome
Agarwal, Mehul
Liu, Zhixuan
Kim, Jihie
Oh, Jean
contents Generative image models produce striking visuals yet often misrepresent culture. Prior work has examined cultural bias mainly in text-to-image (T2I) systems, leaving image-to-image (I2I) editors underexplored. We bridge this gap with a unified evaluation across six countries, an 8-category/36-subcategory schema, and era-aware prompts, auditing both T2I generation and I2I editing under a standardized protocol that yields comparable diagnostics. Using open models with fixed settings, we derive cross-country, cross-era, and cross-category evaluations. Our framework combines standard automatic metrics, a culture-aware retrieval-augmented VQA, and expert human judgments collected from native reviewers. To enable reproducibility, we release the complete image corpus, prompts, and configurations. Our study reveals three findings: (1) under country-agnostic prompts, models default to Global-North, modern-leaning depictions that flatten cross-country distinctions; (2) iterative I2I editing erodes cultural fidelity even when conventional metrics remain flat or improve; and (3) I2I models apply superficial cues (palette shifts, generic props) rather than era-consistent, context-aware changes, often retaining source identity for Global-South targets. These results highlight that culture-sensitive edits remain unreliable in current systems. By releasing standardized data, prompts, and human evaluation protocols, we provide a reproducible, culture-centered benchmark for diagnosing and tracking cultural bias in generative image models. Project page: https://seochan99.github.io/ECB
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20042
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models
Seo, Huichan
Choi, Sieun
Hong, Minki
Zhou, Yi
Kim, Junseo
Ismaila, Lukman
Etori, Naome
Agarwal, Mehul
Liu, Zhixuan
Kim, Jihie
Oh, Jean
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
I.2.10; I.2.6; I.4.9
Generative image models produce striking visuals yet often misrepresent culture. Prior work has examined cultural bias mainly in text-to-image (T2I) systems, leaving image-to-image (I2I) editors underexplored. We bridge this gap with a unified evaluation across six countries, an 8-category/36-subcategory schema, and era-aware prompts, auditing both T2I generation and I2I editing under a standardized protocol that yields comparable diagnostics. Using open models with fixed settings, we derive cross-country, cross-era, and cross-category evaluations. Our framework combines standard automatic metrics, a culture-aware retrieval-augmented VQA, and expert human judgments collected from native reviewers. To enable reproducibility, we release the complete image corpus, prompts, and configurations. Our study reveals three findings: (1) under country-agnostic prompts, models default to Global-North, modern-leaning depictions that flatten cross-country distinctions; (2) iterative I2I editing erodes cultural fidelity even when conventional metrics remain flat or improve; and (3) I2I models apply superficial cues (palette shifts, generic props) rather than era-consistent, context-aware changes, often retaining source identity for Global-South targets. These results highlight that culture-sensitive edits remain unreliable in current systems. By releasing standardized data, prompts, and human evaluation protocols, we provide a reproducible, culture-centered benchmark for diagnosing and tracking cultural bias in generative image models. Project page: https://seochan99.github.io/ECB
title Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
I.2.10; I.2.6; I.4.9
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20042