Treatment Effect Learning Under Sequential Randomization

Fuente: arXiv
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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Friedberg, Rina, Mudd, Richard, Johnstone, Patrick, Pothen, Melissa, Vaingankar, Vishal, Sangale, Vishwanath, Zaidi, Abbas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Friedberg, Rina
Mudd, Richard
Johnstone, Patrick
Pothen, Melissa
Vaingankar, Vishal
Sangale, Vishwanath
Zaidi, Abbas
author_facet Friedberg, Rina
Mudd, Richard
Johnstone, Patrick
Pothen, Melissa
Vaingankar, Vishal
Sangale, Vishwanath
Zaidi, Abbas
contents Sequential treatment assignments in online experiments lead to complex dependency structures, often rendering identification, estimation and inference over treatments a challenge. Treatments in one session (e.g., a user logging on) can have an effect that persists into subsequent sessions, leading to cumulative effects on outcomes measured at a later stage. This can render standard methods for identification and inference trivially misspecified. We propose T-Learners layered into the G-Formula for this setting, building on literature from causal machine learning and identification in sequential settings. In a simple simulation, this approach prevents decaying accuracy in the presence of carry-over effects, highlighting the importance of identification and inference strategies tailored to the nature of systems often seen in the tech domain.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20078
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Treatment Effect Learning Under Sequential Randomization
Friedberg, Rina
Mudd, Richard
Johnstone, Patrick
Pothen, Melissa
Vaingankar, Vishal
Sangale, Vishwanath
Zaidi, Abbas
Applications
Methodology
Sequential treatment assignments in online experiments lead to complex dependency structures, often rendering identification, estimation and inference over treatments a challenge. Treatments in one session (e.g., a user logging on) can have an effect that persists into subsequent sessions, leading to cumulative effects on outcomes measured at a later stage. This can render standard methods for identification and inference trivially misspecified. We propose T-Learners layered into the G-Formula for this setting, building on literature from causal machine learning and identification in sequential settings. In a simple simulation, this approach prevents decaying accuracy in the presence of carry-over effects, highlighting the importance of identification and inference strategies tailored to the nature of systems often seen in the tech domain.
title Treatment Effect Learning Under Sequential Randomization
topic Applications
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20078