Mixture-of-Minds: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Table Understanding

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhou, Yuhang, Zhang, Mingrui, Li, Ke, Wang, Mingyi, Liu, Qiao, Wang, Qifei, Liu, Jiayi, Liu, Fei, Li, Serena, Li, Weiwei, Gao, Mingze, Kumar, Abhishek, Fan, Xiangjun, Zhao, Zhuokai, Zhang, Lizhu
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Publié: 2025
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author Zhou, Yuhang
Zhang, Mingrui
Li, Ke
Wang, Mingyi
Liu, Qiao
Wang, Qifei
Liu, Jiayi
Liu, Fei
Li, Serena
Li, Weiwei
Gao, Mingze
Kumar, Abhishek
Fan, Xiangjun
Zhao, Zhuokai
Zhang, Lizhu
author_facet Zhou, Yuhang
Zhang, Mingrui
Li, Ke
Wang, Mingyi
Liu, Qiao
Wang, Qifei
Liu, Jiayi
Liu, Fei
Li, Serena
Li, Weiwei
Gao, Mingze
Kumar, Abhishek
Fan, Xiangjun
Zhao, Zhuokai
Zhang, Lizhu
contents Understanding and reasoning over tables is a critical capability for many real-world applications. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise on this task, but current approaches remain limited. Fine-tuning based methods strengthen language reasoning; yet they are prone to arithmetic errors and hallucination. In contrast, tool-based methods enable precise table manipulation but rely on rigid schemas and lack semantic understanding. These complementary drawbacks highlight the need for approaches that integrate robust reasoning with reliable table processing. In this work, we propose Mixture-of-Minds, a multi-agent framework that decomposes table reasoning into three specialized roles: planning, coding, and answering. This design enables each agent to focus on a specific aspect of the task while leveraging code execution for precise table manipulation. Building on this workflow, we introduce a self-improvement training framework that employs Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) rollouts to generate pseudo-gold trajectories and optimize agents with reinforcement learning (RL). Extensive experiments show that Mixture-of-Minds delivers substantial gains, reaching 62.13% on TableBench and surpassing OpenAI-o4-mini-high. These results demonstrate the promise of combining structured multi-agent workflows with RL to advance table understanding.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20176
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mixture-of-Minds: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Table Understanding
Zhou, Yuhang
Zhang, Mingrui
Li, Ke
Wang, Mingyi
Liu, Qiao
Wang, Qifei
Liu, Jiayi
Liu, Fei
Li, Serena
Li, Weiwei
Gao, Mingze
Kumar, Abhishek
Fan, Xiangjun
Zhao, Zhuokai
Zhang, Lizhu
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Understanding and reasoning over tables is a critical capability for many real-world applications. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise on this task, but current approaches remain limited. Fine-tuning based methods strengthen language reasoning; yet they are prone to arithmetic errors and hallucination. In contrast, tool-based methods enable precise table manipulation but rely on rigid schemas and lack semantic understanding. These complementary drawbacks highlight the need for approaches that integrate robust reasoning with reliable table processing. In this work, we propose Mixture-of-Minds, a multi-agent framework that decomposes table reasoning into three specialized roles: planning, coding, and answering. This design enables each agent to focus on a specific aspect of the task while leveraging code execution for precise table manipulation. Building on this workflow, we introduce a self-improvement training framework that employs Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) rollouts to generate pseudo-gold trajectories and optimize agents with reinforcement learning (RL). Extensive experiments show that Mixture-of-Minds delivers substantial gains, reaching 62.13% on TableBench and surpassing OpenAI-o4-mini-high. These results demonstrate the promise of combining structured multi-agent workflows with RL to advance table understanding.
title Mixture-of-Minds: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Table Understanding
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20176