FinCARE: Financial Causal Analysis with Reasoning and Evidence

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Michel, Alejandro, Arun, Abhinav, Sarmah, Bhaskarjit, Pasquali, Stefano
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Michel, Alejandro
Arun, Abhinav
Sarmah, Bhaskarjit
Pasquali, Stefano
author_facet Michel, Alejandro
Arun, Abhinav
Sarmah, Bhaskarjit
Pasquali, Stefano
contents Portfolio managers rely on correlation-based analysis and heuristic methods that fail to capture true causal relationships driving performance. We present a hybrid framework that integrates statistical causal discovery algorithms with domain knowledge from two complementary sources: a financial knowledge graph extracted from SEC 10-K filings and large language model reasoning. Our approach systematically enhances three representative causal discovery paradigms, constraint-based (PC), score-based (GES), and continuous optimization (NOTEARS), by encoding knowledge graph constraints algorithmically and leveraging LLM conceptual reasoning for hypothesis generation. Evaluated on a synthetic financial dataset of 500 firms across 18 variables, our KG+LLM-enhanced methods demonstrate consistent improvements across all three algorithms: PC (F1: 0.622 vs. 0.459 baseline, +36%), GES (F1: 0.735 vs. 0.367, +100%), and NOTEARS (F1: 0.759 vs. 0.163, +366%). The framework enables reliable scenario analysis with mean absolute error of 0.003610 for counterfactual predictions and perfect directional accuracy for intervention effects. It also addresses critical limitations of existing methods by grounding statistical discoveries in financial domain expertise while maintaining empirical validation, providing portfolio managers with the causal foundation necessary for proactive risk management and strategic decision-making in dynamic market environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20221
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FinCARE: Financial Causal Analysis with Reasoning and Evidence
Michel, Alejandro
Arun, Abhinav
Sarmah, Bhaskarjit
Pasquali, Stefano
Computational Finance
Artificial Intelligence
Portfolio managers rely on correlation-based analysis and heuristic methods that fail to capture true causal relationships driving performance. We present a hybrid framework that integrates statistical causal discovery algorithms with domain knowledge from two complementary sources: a financial knowledge graph extracted from SEC 10-K filings and large language model reasoning. Our approach systematically enhances three representative causal discovery paradigms, constraint-based (PC), score-based (GES), and continuous optimization (NOTEARS), by encoding knowledge graph constraints algorithmically and leveraging LLM conceptual reasoning for hypothesis generation. Evaluated on a synthetic financial dataset of 500 firms across 18 variables, our KG+LLM-enhanced methods demonstrate consistent improvements across all three algorithms: PC (F1: 0.622 vs. 0.459 baseline, +36%), GES (F1: 0.735 vs. 0.367, +100%), and NOTEARS (F1: 0.759 vs. 0.163, +366%). The framework enables reliable scenario analysis with mean absolute error of 0.003610 for counterfactual predictions and perfect directional accuracy for intervention effects. It also addresses critical limitations of existing methods by grounding statistical discoveries in financial domain expertise while maintaining empirical validation, providing portfolio managers with the causal foundation necessary for proactive risk management and strategic decision-making in dynamic market environments.
title FinCARE: Financial Causal Analysis with Reasoning and Evidence
topic Computational Finance
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20221