The effect of triaxiality on the dynamics of triple supermassive black holes in a cosmological context
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909866984996864 |
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| author | Saha, Navonil Berczik, Peter Just, Andreas Sobolenko, Margarita |
| author_facet | Saha, Navonil Berczik, Peter Just, Andreas Sobolenko, Margarita |
| contents | The hierarchical nature of galaxy formation in the $Λ$CDM framework often leads to multiple supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the galactic nuclei. The timescale over which galaxies merge, plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamical evolution and the merger dynamics of their central SMBHs. While binary SMBH evolution is well studied, the long-term dynamics of triple SMBH systems, particularly in non-spherical potentials, remain less understood. We investigate the role of triaxiality in the evolution and dynamics of triple SMBHs with initial conditions drawn from the ROMULUS25 cosmological simulation, using high-resolution gravitodynamical N-body simulations. We explore different orbital configurations and host shapes, tracking the evolution from galactic inspiral to hard binary formation at sub-parsec scales. In all cases, the two most massive SMBHs form a rapidly hardening binary that coalesces within a fraction of a Hubble time, while the third forms a stable hierarchical triple system with the heavier binary, or remains on a wide orbit. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20466 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The effect of triaxiality on the dynamics of triple supermassive black holes in a cosmological context Saha, Navonil Berczik, Peter Just, Andreas Sobolenko, Margarita Astrophysics of Galaxies The hierarchical nature of galaxy formation in the $Λ$CDM framework often leads to multiple supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the galactic nuclei. The timescale over which galaxies merge, plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamical evolution and the merger dynamics of their central SMBHs. While binary SMBH evolution is well studied, the long-term dynamics of triple SMBH systems, particularly in non-spherical potentials, remain less understood. We investigate the role of triaxiality in the evolution and dynamics of triple SMBHs with initial conditions drawn from the ROMULUS25 cosmological simulation, using high-resolution gravitodynamical N-body simulations. We explore different orbital configurations and host shapes, tracking the evolution from galactic inspiral to hard binary formation at sub-parsec scales. In all cases, the two most massive SMBHs form a rapidly hardening binary that coalesces within a fraction of a Hubble time, while the third forms a stable hierarchical triple system with the heavier binary, or remains on a wide orbit. |
| title | The effect of triaxiality on the dynamics of triple supermassive black holes in a cosmological context |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20466 |