Nonrelativistic limit of bound-state solutions for nonlinear Dirac equation on noncompact quantum graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gu, Guangze, Ruzhansky, Michael, Wei, Guoyan, Yang, Zhipeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866917037422411776
author Gu, Guangze
Ruzhansky, Michael
Wei, Guoyan
Yang, Zhipeng
author_facet Gu, Guangze
Ruzhansky, Michael
Wei, Guoyan
Yang, Zhipeng
contents In this paper, we investigate the nonrelativistic limit and qualitative properties of bound-state solutions for the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) defined on noncompact quantum graphs: \[ -i c \frac{d}{d x} σ_1 ψ+m c^2 σ_3 ψ-ωψ=g(|ψ|) ψ, \quad \text { in } \mathcal{G} \] where \( g : \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R} \) is a continuous nonlinear function, \( c>0 \) represents the speed of light, \( m>0 \) is the particle's mass, \( ω\in\mathbb{R} \) is related to the frequency, \( σ_1 \) and \( σ_3 \) denote the Pauli matrices, and \(\mathcal{G}\) is a noncompact quantum graph. We establish the existence of bound-state solutions to the NLDE on \(\mathcal{G}\), and prove that these solutions converge toward the corresponding bound-state solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in the nonrelativistic limit (i.e., as the speed of light \( c \to \infty \)) for particles of small mass. Furthermore, we prove uniform boundedness and exponential decay properties of the NLDE solutions, uniformly in \( c \), thereby offering insight into their asymptotic behavior.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20658
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Nonrelativistic limit of bound-state solutions for nonlinear Dirac equation on noncompact quantum graphs
Gu, Guangze
Ruzhansky, Michael
Wei, Guoyan
Yang, Zhipeng
Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
35R02, 35Q41, 81Q35
In this paper, we investigate the nonrelativistic limit and qualitative properties of bound-state solutions for the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) defined on noncompact quantum graphs: \[ -i c \frac{d}{d x} σ_1 ψ+m c^2 σ_3 ψ-ωψ=g(|ψ|) ψ, \quad \text { in } \mathcal{G} \] where \( g : \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R} \) is a continuous nonlinear function, \( c>0 \) represents the speed of light, \( m>0 \) is the particle's mass, \( ω\in\mathbb{R} \) is related to the frequency, \( σ_1 \) and \( σ_3 \) denote the Pauli matrices, and \(\mathcal{G}\) is a noncompact quantum graph. We establish the existence of bound-state solutions to the NLDE on \(\mathcal{G}\), and prove that these solutions converge toward the corresponding bound-state solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in the nonrelativistic limit (i.e., as the speed of light \( c \to \infty \)) for particles of small mass. Furthermore, we prove uniform boundedness and exponential decay properties of the NLDE solutions, uniformly in \( c \), thereby offering insight into their asymptotic behavior.
title Nonrelativistic limit of bound-state solutions for nonlinear Dirac equation on noncompact quantum graphs
topic Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
35R02, 35Q41, 81Q35
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20658