Real-Time Gait Adaptation for Quadrupeds using Model Predictive Control and Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kotecha, Prakrut, B, Ganga Nair, Kolathaya, Shishir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kotecha, Prakrut
B, Ganga Nair
Kolathaya, Shishir
author_facet Kotecha, Prakrut
B, Ganga Nair
Kolathaya, Shishir
contents Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled adaptable and agile quadruped locomotion; however, policies often converge to a single gait, leading to suboptimal performance. Traditionally, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been extensively used to obtain task-specific optimal policies but lacks the ability to adapt to varying environments. To address these limitations, we propose an optimization framework for real-time gait adaptation in a continuous gait space, combining the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) algorithm with a Dreamer module to produce adaptive and optimal policies for quadruped locomotion. At each time step, MPPI jointly optimizes the actions and gait variables using a learned Dreamer reward that promotes velocity tracking, energy efficiency, stability, and smooth transitions, while penalizing abrupt gait changes. A learned value function is incorporated as terminal reward, extending the formulation to an infinite-horizon planner. We evaluate our framework in simulation on the Unitree Go1, demonstrating an average reduction of up to 36.48 % in energy consumption across varying target speeds, while maintaining accurate tracking and adaptive, task-appropriate gaits.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_20706
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Real-Time Gait Adaptation for Quadrupeds using Model Predictive Control and Reinforcement Learning
Kotecha, Prakrut
B, Ganga Nair
Kolathaya, Shishir
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled adaptable and agile quadruped locomotion; however, policies often converge to a single gait, leading to suboptimal performance. Traditionally, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been extensively used to obtain task-specific optimal policies but lacks the ability to adapt to varying environments. To address these limitations, we propose an optimization framework for real-time gait adaptation in a continuous gait space, combining the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) algorithm with a Dreamer module to produce adaptive and optimal policies for quadruped locomotion. At each time step, MPPI jointly optimizes the actions and gait variables using a learned Dreamer reward that promotes velocity tracking, energy efficiency, stability, and smooth transitions, while penalizing abrupt gait changes. A learned value function is incorporated as terminal reward, extending the formulation to an infinite-horizon planner. We evaluate our framework in simulation on the Unitree Go1, demonstrating an average reduction of up to 36.48 % in energy consumption across varying target speeds, while maintaining accurate tracking and adaptive, task-appropriate gaits.
title Real-Time Gait Adaptation for Quadrupeds using Model Predictive Control and Reinforcement Learning
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20706