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Main Authors:	Powis, Andrew T., Ahedo, Eduardo, Laguna, Alejandro Álvarez, Barléon, Nicolas, Bello-Benítez, Enrique, Beving, Lucas, Boeuf, Jean-Pierre, Bogopolsky, Guillaume, Bourdon, Anne, Cichocki, Filippo, Cuenot, Bénédicte, Denig, Andrew, Donkó, Zoltán, Elias, Paul-Quentin, Encinar, Miguel P., Eremin, Denis, Fajardo, Pablo, Faraji, Farbod, Fubiani, Gwenael, Garrigues, Laurent, Hara, Kentaro, Hartmann, Peter, Hopkins, Matthew, Kaganovich, Igor D., Knoll, Aaron, Lapenta, Giovanni, Magin, Thierry E., Marín-Cebrián, Alberto, Merino, Mario, Minelli, Pierpaolo, Zadeh, Mina Papahn, Parodi, Pietro, Petronio, Federico, Reza, Maryam, Smolyakov, Andrei I., Sydorenko, Dmytro, Taccogna, Francesco, Turner, Miles M., Vermorel, Olivier, Villafana, Willca, Xu, Liang
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Plasma Physics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21261
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author	Powis, Andrew T. Ahedo, Eduardo Laguna, Alejandro Álvarez Barléon, Nicolas Bello-Benítez, Enrique Beving, Lucas Boeuf, Jean-Pierre Bogopolsky, Guillaume Bourdon, Anne Cichocki, Filippo Cuenot, Bénédicte Denig, Andrew Donkó, Zoltán Elias, Paul-Quentin Encinar, Miguel P. Eremin, Denis Fajardo, Pablo Faraji, Farbod Fubiani, Gwenael Garrigues, Laurent Hara, Kentaro Hartmann, Peter Hopkins, Matthew Kaganovich, Igor D. Knoll, Aaron Lapenta, Giovanni Magin, Thierry E. Marín-Cebrián, Alberto Merino, Mario Minelli, Pierpaolo Zadeh, Mina Papahn Parodi, Pietro Petronio, Federico Reza, Maryam Smolyakov, Andrei I. Sydorenko, Dmytro Taccogna, Francesco Turner, Miles M. Vermorel, Olivier Villafana, Willca Xu, Liang
author_facet	Powis, Andrew T. Ahedo, Eduardo Laguna, Alejandro Álvarez Barléon, Nicolas Bello-Benítez, Enrique Beving, Lucas Boeuf, Jean-Pierre Bogopolsky, Guillaume Bourdon, Anne Cichocki, Filippo Cuenot, Bénédicte Denig, Andrew Donkó, Zoltán Elias, Paul-Quentin Encinar, Miguel P. Eremin, Denis Fajardo, Pablo Faraji, Farbod Fubiani, Gwenael Garrigues, Laurent Hara, Kentaro Hartmann, Peter Hopkins, Matthew Kaganovich, Igor D. Knoll, Aaron Lapenta, Giovanni Magin, Thierry E. Marín-Cebrián, Alberto Merino, Mario Minelli, Pierpaolo Zadeh, Mina Papahn Parodi, Pietro Petronio, Federico Reza, Maryam Smolyakov, Andrei I. Sydorenko, Dmytro Taccogna, Francesco Turner, Miles M. Vermorel, Olivier Villafana, Willca Xu, Liang
contents	Low-temperature plasmas are essential to both fundamental scientific research and critical industrial applications. As in many areas of science, numerical simulations have become a vital tool for uncovering new physical phenomena and guiding technological development. Code benchmarking remains crucial for verifying implementations and evaluating performance. This work continues the Landmark benchmark initiative, a series specifically designed to support the verification of low-temperature plasma codes. In this study, seventeen simulation codes from a collaborative community of nineteen international institutions modeled a partially magnetized ExB Penning discharge. The emergence of large scale coherent structures, or rotating plasma spokes, endows this configuration with an enormous range of time scales, making it particularly challenging to simulate. The codes showed excellent agreement on the rotation frequency of the spoke as well as key plasma properties, including time-averaged ion density, plasma potential, and electron temperature profiles. Achieving this level of agreement came with challenges, and we share lessons learned on how to conduct future benchmarking campaigns. Comparing code implementations, computational hardware, and simulation runtimes also revealed interesting trends, which are summarized with the aim of guiding future plasma simulation software development.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_21261
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Benchmark for two-dimensional large scale coherent structures in partially magnetized ExB plasmas -- Community collaboration & lessons learned Powis, Andrew T. Ahedo, Eduardo Laguna, Alejandro Álvarez Barléon, Nicolas Bello-Benítez, Enrique Beving, Lucas Boeuf, Jean-Pierre Bogopolsky, Guillaume Bourdon, Anne Cichocki, Filippo Cuenot, Bénédicte Denig, Andrew Donkó, Zoltán Elias, Paul-Quentin Encinar, Miguel P. Eremin, Denis Fajardo, Pablo Faraji, Farbod Fubiani, Gwenael Garrigues, Laurent Hara, Kentaro Hartmann, Peter Hopkins, Matthew Kaganovich, Igor D. Knoll, Aaron Lapenta, Giovanni Magin, Thierry E. Marín-Cebrián, Alberto Merino, Mario Minelli, Pierpaolo Zadeh, Mina Papahn Parodi, Pietro Petronio, Federico Reza, Maryam Smolyakov, Andrei I. Sydorenko, Dmytro Taccogna, Francesco Turner, Miles M. Vermorel, Olivier Villafana, Willca Xu, Liang Plasma Physics Low-temperature plasmas are essential to both fundamental scientific research and critical industrial applications. As in many areas of science, numerical simulations have become a vital tool for uncovering new physical phenomena and guiding technological development. Code benchmarking remains crucial for verifying implementations and evaluating performance. This work continues the Landmark benchmark initiative, a series specifically designed to support the verification of low-temperature plasma codes. In this study, seventeen simulation codes from a collaborative community of nineteen international institutions modeled a partially magnetized ExB Penning discharge. The emergence of large scale coherent structures, or rotating plasma spokes, endows this configuration with an enormous range of time scales, making it particularly challenging to simulate. The codes showed excellent agreement on the rotation frequency of the spoke as well as key plasma properties, including time-averaged ion density, plasma potential, and electron temperature profiles. Achieving this level of agreement came with challenges, and we share lessons learned on how to conduct future benchmarking campaigns. Comparing code implementations, computational hardware, and simulation runtimes also revealed interesting trends, which are summarized with the aim of guiding future plasma simulation software development.
title	Benchmark for two-dimensional large scale coherent structures in partially magnetized ExB plasmas -- Community collaboration & lessons learned
topic	Plasma Physics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21261

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