How to Build an Empirical Speed Distribution for Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Shpigel, Tal, Folsom, Dylan, Lisanti, Mariangela, Necib, Lina, Vogelsberger, Mark, Hernquist, Lars
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Shpigel, Tal
Folsom, Dylan
Lisanti, Mariangela
Necib, Lina
Vogelsberger, Mark
Hernquist, Lars
author_facet Shpigel, Tal
Folsom, Dylan
Lisanti, Mariangela
Necib, Lina
Vogelsberger, Mark
Hernquist, Lars
contents The dark matter flux in a direct detection experiment depends on its local speed distribution. This distribution has been inferred from simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies, but such models serve only as proxies given that no simulation directly captures the detailed evolution of our own Galaxy. This motivates alternative approaches which obtain this distribution directly from observations. In this work, we utilize 98 Milky Way analogues from the IllustrisTNG50 simulation to develop and validate a procedure for inferring the dark matter speed distribution using the kinematics of nearby stars. We find that the dark matter that originated from old mergers, plus that from recent non-luminous accretions, is well described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution centered at the local standard-of-rest velocity. Meanwhile, recently accreted dark matter from massive mergers has speeds that can be traced from the associated stellar debris of these events. The stellar populations systematically underestimate the velocity dispersion of their dark matter counterparts, but a simple kinematic boost brings the two into good alignment. Using the TNG50 host galaxies, we demonstrate that combining these two contributions provides an accurate reconstruction of the local dark matter speeds. As an application of the procedure to our own Galaxy, we utilize stellar kinematic data from Gaia to quantify how the dark matter remnants from the Milky Way's last major merger impact its speed distribution in the Solar neighborhood.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_21914
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How to Build an Empirical Speed Distribution for Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood
Shpigel, Tal
Folsom, Dylan
Lisanti, Mariangela
Necib, Lina
Vogelsberger, Mark
Hernquist, Lars
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
The dark matter flux in a direct detection experiment depends on its local speed distribution. This distribution has been inferred from simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies, but such models serve only as proxies given that no simulation directly captures the detailed evolution of our own Galaxy. This motivates alternative approaches which obtain this distribution directly from observations. In this work, we utilize 98 Milky Way analogues from the IllustrisTNG50 simulation to develop and validate a procedure for inferring the dark matter speed distribution using the kinematics of nearby stars. We find that the dark matter that originated from old mergers, plus that from recent non-luminous accretions, is well described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution centered at the local standard-of-rest velocity. Meanwhile, recently accreted dark matter from massive mergers has speeds that can be traced from the associated stellar debris of these events. The stellar populations systematically underestimate the velocity dispersion of their dark matter counterparts, but a simple kinematic boost brings the two into good alignment. Using the TNG50 host galaxies, we demonstrate that combining these two contributions provides an accurate reconstruction of the local dark matter speeds. As an application of the procedure to our own Galaxy, we utilize stellar kinematic data from Gaia to quantify how the dark matter remnants from the Milky Way's last major merger impact its speed distribution in the Solar neighborhood.
title How to Build an Empirical Speed Distribution for Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21914