Emotions Where Art Thou: Understanding and Characterizing the Emotional Latent Space of Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Reichman, Benjamin, Avsian, Adar, Heck, Larry
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Reichman, Benjamin
Avsian, Adar
Heck, Larry
author_facet Reichman, Benjamin
Avsian, Adar
Heck, Larry
contents This work investigates how large language models (LLMs) internally represent emotion by analyzing the geometry of their hidden-state space. The paper identifies a low-dimensional emotional manifold and shows that emotional representations are directionally encoded, distributed across layers, and aligned with interpretable dimensions. These structures are stable across depth and generalize to eight real-world emotion datasets spanning five languages. Cross-domain alignment yields low error and strong linear probe performance, indicating a universal emotional subspace. Within this space, internal emotion perception can be steered while preserving semantics using a learned intervention module, with especially strong control for basic emotions across languages. These findings reveal a consistent and manipulable affective geometry in LLMs and offer insight into how they internalize and process emotion.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22042
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emotions Where Art Thou: Understanding and Characterizing the Emotional Latent Space of Large Language Models
Reichman, Benjamin
Avsian, Adar
Heck, Larry
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
This work investigates how large language models (LLMs) internally represent emotion by analyzing the geometry of their hidden-state space. The paper identifies a low-dimensional emotional manifold and shows that emotional representations are directionally encoded, distributed across layers, and aligned with interpretable dimensions. These structures are stable across depth and generalize to eight real-world emotion datasets spanning five languages. Cross-domain alignment yields low error and strong linear probe performance, indicating a universal emotional subspace. Within this space, internal emotion perception can be steered while preserving semantics using a learned intervention module, with especially strong control for basic emotions across languages. These findings reveal a consistent and manipulable affective geometry in LLMs and offer insight into how they internalize and process emotion.
title Emotions Where Art Thou: Understanding and Characterizing the Emotional Latent Space of Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22042