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Main Authors:	Pybus, J. R., Dutta, D., Gao, H., Hen, O., Korover, I., Kolar, T., Schmidt, A., Somov, A., Szumila-Vance, H., Androić, D., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Berdnikov, V. V., Bhattarai, S., Chen, Z., Cohen, E. O., Becerra, O. Cortes, Dehmelt, K., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Ehinger, L., Fassi, L. El, Fang, S., Gautam, P., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D., Hobart, A., Huang, Z., Jones, R., Junaid, M., Kakoyan, V., Kalantarians, N., Kutz, T., Larin, I., Li, Y., Lichtenstadt, J., Lin, C. -W., Liu, Y., Liu, B., Lu, H., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, B. -Q., Marukyan, H., Maynes, M., McCaughan, M. D., McKinnon, B., Morean, C., Nguyen, D., Ouillon, M., Pandey, B., Panta, A., Paolone, M., Parshkin, I., Paul, S., Phelan, J., Piasetzky, E., Qi, H., Regmi, S., Romanov, D., Shahinyan, A., Shen, X., Smith, D., Somov, S., Sparveris, N., Strakovsky, I., Tadepalli, A., Tamang, B., Tyson, R., Voskanyan, H., Wagner, R., Weerasinghe, U., Weinstein, L. B., Wright, N., Xiao, T., Ye, Z., Yu, B., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhao, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., Zihlmann, B.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Nuclear Experiment
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22076
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_version_	1866914114586017792
author	Pybus, J. R. Dutta, D. Gao, H. Hen, O. Korover, I. Kolar, T. Schmidt, A. Somov, A. Szumila-Vance, H. Androić, D. Gayoso, C. Ayerbe Bai, X. Berdnikov, V. V. Bhattarai, S. Chen, Z. Cohen, E. O. Becerra, O. Cortes Dehmelt, K. Deur, A. Devkota, B. R. Ehinger, L. Fassi, L. El Fang, S. Gautam, P. Hansen, J. -O. Hattawy, M. Hauenstein, F. Higinbotham, D. Hobart, A. Huang, Z. Jones, R. Junaid, M. Kakoyan, V. Kalantarians, N. Kutz, T. Larin, I. Li, Y. Lichtenstadt, J. Lin, C. -W. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Lu, H. Lyubovitskij, V. Ma, B. -Q. Marukyan, H. Maynes, M. McCaughan, M. D. McKinnon, B. Morean, C. Nguyen, D. Ouillon, M. Pandey, B. Panta, A. Paolone, M. Parshkin, I. Paul, S. Phelan, J. Piasetzky, E. Qi, H. Regmi, S. Romanov, D. Shahinyan, A. Shen, X. Smith, D. Somov, S. Sparveris, N. Strakovsky, I. Tadepalli, A. Tamang, B. Tyson, R. Voskanyan, H. Wagner, R. Weerasinghe, U. Weinstein, L. B. Wright, N. Xiao, T. Ye, Z. Yu, B. Yu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Z. Zhao, H. Zhou, J. Zhou, X. Zihlmann, B.
author_facet	Pybus, J. R. Dutta, D. Gao, H. Hen, O. Korover, I. Kolar, T. Schmidt, A. Somov, A. Szumila-Vance, H. Androić, D. Gayoso, C. Ayerbe Bai, X. Berdnikov, V. V. Bhattarai, S. Chen, Z. Cohen, E. O. Becerra, O. Cortes Dehmelt, K. Deur, A. Devkota, B. R. Ehinger, L. Fassi, L. El Fang, S. Gautam, P. Hansen, J. -O. Hattawy, M. Hauenstein, F. Higinbotham, D. Hobart, A. Huang, Z. Jones, R. Junaid, M. Kakoyan, V. Kalantarians, N. Kutz, T. Larin, I. Li, Y. Lichtenstadt, J. Lin, C. -W. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Lu, H. Lyubovitskij, V. Ma, B. -Q. Marukyan, H. Maynes, M. McCaughan, M. D. McKinnon, B. Morean, C. Nguyen, D. Ouillon, M. Pandey, B. Panta, A. Paolone, M. Parshkin, I. Paul, S. Phelan, J. Piasetzky, E. Qi, H. Regmi, S. Romanov, D. Shahinyan, A. Shen, X. Smith, D. Somov, S. Sparveris, N. Strakovsky, I. Tadepalli, A. Tamang, B. Tyson, R. Voskanyan, H. Wagner, R. Weerasinghe, U. Weinstein, L. B. Wright, N. Xiao, T. Ye, Z. Yu, B. Yu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Z. Zhao, H. Zhou, J. Zhou, X. Zihlmann, B.
contents	The nuclear EMC effect is the observation that quark distributions in bound nucleons experience significant modification at large $x$ relative to free nucleons. Despite decades of measurements verifying the presence of this effect in quarks across a wide range of nuclei, behavior of large-$x$ gluons in nuclei remains almost completely unknown. As the nuclear physics community seeks out new observables to try to elucidate the mechanisms behind the EMC effect, it becomes striking that we remain ignorant regarding the impact of nuclear effects on gluonic behavior. Recent photonuclear data using the Hall D photon beam have enabled the first measurement of $J/ψ$ photoproduction from nuclei near and below the energy threshold, with the results highlighted in Physical Review Letters as an Editors' Suggestion. These data have placed the first, and currently only, constraints on the behavior of large-$x$ gluons within bound nucleons. However, compared to the quantity of data which currently informs our knowledge of the quark-sector EMC effect, these data are extremely limited, and remain unable to conclusively observe or exclude large modification of gluon distributions. A high-luminosity photonuclear experiment will enable a precision measurement of incoherent $J/ψ$ photoproduction at and below the threshold region. This data will provide the first stringent constraints on nuclear modification of gluon structure or other exotic effects which could impact the production of $J/ψ$ from nuclei. We request 85 PAC days at Hall D using the GlueX detector with a 12 GeV electron beam energy and a coherent photon peak energy of $8$ GeV, split into 80 days using a $^4$He target and 5 calibration days using a $^2$H target.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22076
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Threshold $J/ψ$ Photoproduction as a Probe of Nuclear Gluon Structure Pybus, J. R. Dutta, D. Gao, H. Hen, O. Korover, I. Kolar, T. Schmidt, A. Somov, A. Szumila-Vance, H. Androić, D. Gayoso, C. Ayerbe Bai, X. Berdnikov, V. V. Bhattarai, S. Chen, Z. Cohen, E. O. Becerra, O. Cortes Dehmelt, K. Deur, A. Devkota, B. R. Ehinger, L. Fassi, L. El Fang, S. Gautam, P. Hansen, J. -O. Hattawy, M. Hauenstein, F. Higinbotham, D. Hobart, A. Huang, Z. Jones, R. Junaid, M. Kakoyan, V. Kalantarians, N. Kutz, T. Larin, I. Li, Y. Lichtenstadt, J. Lin, C. -W. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Lu, H. Lyubovitskij, V. Ma, B. -Q. Marukyan, H. Maynes, M. McCaughan, M. D. McKinnon, B. Morean, C. Nguyen, D. Ouillon, M. Pandey, B. Panta, A. Paolone, M. Parshkin, I. Paul, S. Phelan, J. Piasetzky, E. Qi, H. Regmi, S. Romanov, D. Shahinyan, A. Shen, X. Smith, D. Somov, S. Sparveris, N. Strakovsky, I. Tadepalli, A. Tamang, B. Tyson, R. Voskanyan, H. Wagner, R. Weerasinghe, U. Weinstein, L. B. Wright, N. Xiao, T. Ye, Z. Yu, B. Yu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Z. Zhao, H. Zhou, J. Zhou, X. Zihlmann, B. Nuclear Experiment The nuclear EMC effect is the observation that quark distributions in bound nucleons experience significant modification at large $x$ relative to free nucleons. Despite decades of measurements verifying the presence of this effect in quarks across a wide range of nuclei, behavior of large-$x$ gluons in nuclei remains almost completely unknown. As the nuclear physics community seeks out new observables to try to elucidate the mechanisms behind the EMC effect, it becomes striking that we remain ignorant regarding the impact of nuclear effects on gluonic behavior. Recent photonuclear data using the Hall D photon beam have enabled the first measurement of $J/ψ$ photoproduction from nuclei near and below the energy threshold, with the results highlighted in Physical Review Letters as an Editors' Suggestion. These data have placed the first, and currently only, constraints on the behavior of large-$x$ gluons within bound nucleons. However, compared to the quantity of data which currently informs our knowledge of the quark-sector EMC effect, these data are extremely limited, and remain unable to conclusively observe or exclude large modification of gluon distributions. A high-luminosity photonuclear experiment will enable a precision measurement of incoherent $J/ψ$ photoproduction at and below the threshold region. This data will provide the first stringent constraints on nuclear modification of gluon structure or other exotic effects which could impact the production of $J/ψ$ from nuclei. We request 85 PAC days at Hall D using the GlueX detector with a 12 GeV electron beam energy and a coherent photon peak energy of $8$ GeV, split into 80 days using a $^4$He target and 5 calibration days using a $^2$H target.
title	Threshold $J/ψ$ Photoproduction as a Probe of Nuclear Gluon Structure
topic	Nuclear Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22076

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