STAR-RIS-assisted Collaborative Beamforming for Low-altitude Wireless Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Liang, Xinyue, Kang, Hui, Che, Junwei, Li, Jiahui, Sun, Geng, Wu, Qingqing, Wang, Jiacheng, Niyato, Dusit
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Liang, Xinyue
Kang, Hui
Che, Junwei
Li, Jiahui
Sun, Geng
Wu, Qingqing
Wang, Jiacheng
Niyato, Dusit
author_facet Liang, Xinyue
Kang, Hui
Che, Junwei
Li, Jiahui
Sun, Geng
Wu, Qingqing
Wang, Jiacheng
Niyato, Dusit
contents While low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs) based on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer high mobility, flexibility, and coverage for urban communications, they face severe signal attenuation in dense environments due to obstructions. To address this critical issue, we consider introducing collaborative beamforming (CB) of UAVs and omnidirectional reconfigurable beamforming (ORB) of simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) to enhance the signal quality and directionality. On this basis, we formulate a joint rate and energy optimization problem (JREOP) to maximize the transmission rate of the overall system, while minimizing the energy consumption of the UAV swarm. Due to the non-convex and NP-hard nature of JREOP, we propose a heterogeneous multi-agent collaborative dynamic (HMCD) optimization framework, which has two core components. The first component is a simulated annealing (SA)-based STAR-RIS control method, which dynamically optimizes reflection and transmission coefficients to enhance signal propagation. The second component is an improved multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) control method, which incorporates a self-attention evaluation mechanism to capture interactions between UAVs and an adaptive velocity transition mechanism to enhance training stability. Simulation results demonstrate that HMCD outperforms various baselines in terms of convergence speed, average transmission rate, and energy consumption. Further analysis reveals that the average transmission rate of the overall system scales positively with both UAV count and STAR-RIS element numbers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22108
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle STAR-RIS-assisted Collaborative Beamforming for Low-altitude Wireless Networks
Liang, Xinyue
Kang, Hui
Che, Junwei
Li, Jiahui
Sun, Geng
Wu, Qingqing
Wang, Jiacheng
Niyato, Dusit
Networking and Internet Architecture
Artificial Intelligence
While low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs) based on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer high mobility, flexibility, and coverage for urban communications, they face severe signal attenuation in dense environments due to obstructions. To address this critical issue, we consider introducing collaborative beamforming (CB) of UAVs and omnidirectional reconfigurable beamforming (ORB) of simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) to enhance the signal quality and directionality. On this basis, we formulate a joint rate and energy optimization problem (JREOP) to maximize the transmission rate of the overall system, while minimizing the energy consumption of the UAV swarm. Due to the non-convex and NP-hard nature of JREOP, we propose a heterogeneous multi-agent collaborative dynamic (HMCD) optimization framework, which has two core components. The first component is a simulated annealing (SA)-based STAR-RIS control method, which dynamically optimizes reflection and transmission coefficients to enhance signal propagation. The second component is an improved multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) control method, which incorporates a self-attention evaluation mechanism to capture interactions between UAVs and an adaptive velocity transition mechanism to enhance training stability. Simulation results demonstrate that HMCD outperforms various baselines in terms of convergence speed, average transmission rate, and energy consumption. Further analysis reveals that the average transmission rate of the overall system scales positively with both UAV count and STAR-RIS element numbers.
title STAR-RIS-assisted Collaborative Beamforming for Low-altitude Wireless Networks
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22108