Empowering Multimodal Respiratory Sound Classification with Counterfactual Adversarial Debiasing for Out-of-Distribution Robustness

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Koo, Heejoon, Toikkanen, Miika, Kim, Yoon Tae, Kim, Soo Yong, Kim, June-Woo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Koo, Heejoon
Toikkanen, Miika
Kim, Yoon Tae
Kim, Soo Yong
Kim, June-Woo
author_facet Koo, Heejoon
Toikkanen, Miika
Kim, Yoon Tae
Kim, Soo Yong
Kim, June-Woo
contents Multimodal respiratory sound classification offers promise for early pulmonary disease detection by integrating bioacoustic signals with patient metadata. Nevertheless, current approaches remain vulnerable to spurious correlations from attributes such as age, sex, or acquisition device, which hinder their generalization, especially under distribution shifts across clinical sites. To this end, we propose a counterfactual adversarial debiasing framework. First, we employ a causal graph-based counterfactual debiasing methodology to suppress non-causal dependencies from patient metadata. Second, we introduce adversarial debiasing to learn metadata-insensitive representations and reduce metadata-specific biases. Third, we design counterfactual metadata augmentation to mitigate spurious correlations further and strengthen metadata-invariant representations. By doing so, our method consistently outperforms strong baselines in evaluations under both in-distribution and distribution shifts. Code is available at https://github.com/RSC-Toolkit/BTS-CARD.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22263
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Empowering Multimodal Respiratory Sound Classification with Counterfactual Adversarial Debiasing for Out-of-Distribution Robustness
Koo, Heejoon
Toikkanen, Miika
Kim, Yoon Tae
Kim, Soo Yong
Kim, June-Woo
Audio and Speech Processing
Multimodal respiratory sound classification offers promise for early pulmonary disease detection by integrating bioacoustic signals with patient metadata. Nevertheless, current approaches remain vulnerable to spurious correlations from attributes such as age, sex, or acquisition device, which hinder their generalization, especially under distribution shifts across clinical sites. To this end, we propose a counterfactual adversarial debiasing framework. First, we employ a causal graph-based counterfactual debiasing methodology to suppress non-causal dependencies from patient metadata. Second, we introduce adversarial debiasing to learn metadata-insensitive representations and reduce metadata-specific biases. Third, we design counterfactual metadata augmentation to mitigate spurious correlations further and strengthen metadata-invariant representations. By doing so, our method consistently outperforms strong baselines in evaluations under both in-distribution and distribution shifts. Code is available at https://github.com/RSC-Toolkit/BTS-CARD.
title Empowering Multimodal Respiratory Sound Classification with Counterfactual Adversarial Debiasing for Out-of-Distribution Robustness
topic Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22263