Enhanced magnetic and optical properties of oxygen deficient TiO$_{2-δ}$ nanoparticles synthesized by environment-friendly green route using whole plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908612016734208 |
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| author | Mishra, Latika Dwivedi, Vinod Kumar Chakradhary, Vishal Kumar Prabhudessai, Akila G. Nehar, Shamshun |
| author_facet | Mishra, Latika Dwivedi, Vinod Kumar Chakradhary, Vishal Kumar Prabhudessai, Akila G. Nehar, Shamshun |
| contents | We report magnetic, optical and oxidation states of oxygen deficient TiO$_{2-δ}$ nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by environment-friendly green route using Phyllanthus niruri (PN) whole plant extract instead of leaf extract. Rietveld refinement of room temperature XRD pattern confirms the formation of pure phase anatase TiO$_2$ crystals in a tetragonal structure with space group I41/amd. TEM and SEM microstructure shows agglomerated spherical shape NPs exhibiting average particle size $\sim$ 35~nm. FTIR result confirms the presence of biomolecules and functional group attached to the surface of TiO$_2$ NPs. The core level XPS of O-1s and Ti-2p confirms the presence of oxygen vacancies that leads to the mixed oxidation states of Ti (Ti$^{4+}$ and Ti$^{3+}$). UV-vis result shows a strong absorption peak ($\sim$ 250~nm) along with reduced optical band gap energy E$_g$ $\sim$ 2.75~eV, possibly arises due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) caused by lower band gap energy emerging from oxygen vacancies. Magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field shows ferromagnetic nature at room temperature [M$_S$ $\sim$ 0.029~emu/g and H$_C$ $\sim$ 0.0143~T]. The observed ferromagnetic behaviour can be understood by virtual hopping of electrons from Ti$^{3+}$(3d$^1$) to Ti$^{4+}$(3d$^0$)-sites, however, vice versa is prohibited. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22296 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Enhanced magnetic and optical properties of oxygen deficient TiO$_{2-δ}$ nanoparticles synthesized by environment-friendly green route using whole plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri Mishra, Latika Dwivedi, Vinod Kumar Chakradhary, Vishal Kumar Prabhudessai, Akila G. Nehar, Shamshun Materials Science We report magnetic, optical and oxidation states of oxygen deficient TiO$_{2-δ}$ nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by environment-friendly green route using Phyllanthus niruri (PN) whole plant extract instead of leaf extract. Rietveld refinement of room temperature XRD pattern confirms the formation of pure phase anatase TiO$_2$ crystals in a tetragonal structure with space group I41/amd. TEM and SEM microstructure shows agglomerated spherical shape NPs exhibiting average particle size $\sim$ 35~nm. FTIR result confirms the presence of biomolecules and functional group attached to the surface of TiO$_2$ NPs. The core level XPS of O-1s and Ti-2p confirms the presence of oxygen vacancies that leads to the mixed oxidation states of Ti (Ti$^{4+}$ and Ti$^{3+}$). UV-vis result shows a strong absorption peak ($\sim$ 250~nm) along with reduced optical band gap energy E$_g$ $\sim$ 2.75~eV, possibly arises due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) caused by lower band gap energy emerging from oxygen vacancies. Magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field shows ferromagnetic nature at room temperature [M$_S$ $\sim$ 0.029~emu/g and H$_C$ $\sim$ 0.0143~T]. The observed ferromagnetic behaviour can be understood by virtual hopping of electrons from Ti$^{3+}$(3d$^1$) to Ti$^{4+}$(3d$^0$)-sites, however, vice versa is prohibited. |
| title | Enhanced magnetic and optical properties of oxygen deficient TiO$_{2-δ}$ nanoparticles synthesized by environment-friendly green route using whole plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22296 |