A Scalable Global Optimization Algorithm For Constrained Clustering

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chumpitaz-Flores, Pedro, Duong, My, Heredia, Cristobal, Hua, Kaixun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chumpitaz-Flores, Pedro
Duong, My
Heredia, Cristobal
Hua, Kaixun
author_facet Chumpitaz-Flores, Pedro
Duong, My
Heredia, Cristobal
Hua, Kaixun
contents Constrained clustering leverages limited domain knowledge to improve clustering performance and interpretability, but incorporating pairwise must-link and cannot-link constraints is an NP-hard challenge, making global optimization intractable. Existing mixed-integer optimization methods are confined to small-scale datasets, limiting their utility. We propose Sample-Driven Constrained Group-Based Branch-and-Bound (SDC-GBB), a decomposable branch-and-bound (BB) framework that collapses must-linked samples into centroid-based pseudo-samples and prunes cannot-link through geometric rules, while preserving convergence and guaranteeing global optimality. By integrating grouped-sample Lagrangian decomposition and geometric elimination rules for efficient lower and upper bounds, the algorithm attains highly scalable pairwise k-Means constrained clustering via parallelism. Experimental results show that our approach handles datasets with 200,000 samples with cannot-link constraints and 1,500,000 samples with must-link constraints, which is 200 - 1500 times larger than the current state-of-the-art under comparable constraint settings, while reaching an optimality gap of less than 3%. In providing deterministic global guarantees, our method also avoids the search failures that off-the-shelf heuristics often encounter on large datasets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22519
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Scalable Global Optimization Algorithm For Constrained Clustering
Chumpitaz-Flores, Pedro
Duong, My
Heredia, Cristobal
Hua, Kaixun
Machine Learning
Constrained clustering leverages limited domain knowledge to improve clustering performance and interpretability, but incorporating pairwise must-link and cannot-link constraints is an NP-hard challenge, making global optimization intractable. Existing mixed-integer optimization methods are confined to small-scale datasets, limiting their utility. We propose Sample-Driven Constrained Group-Based Branch-and-Bound (SDC-GBB), a decomposable branch-and-bound (BB) framework that collapses must-linked samples into centroid-based pseudo-samples and prunes cannot-link through geometric rules, while preserving convergence and guaranteeing global optimality. By integrating grouped-sample Lagrangian decomposition and geometric elimination rules for efficient lower and upper bounds, the algorithm attains highly scalable pairwise k-Means constrained clustering via parallelism. Experimental results show that our approach handles datasets with 200,000 samples with cannot-link constraints and 1,500,000 samples with must-link constraints, which is 200 - 1500 times larger than the current state-of-the-art under comparable constraint settings, while reaching an optimality gap of less than 3%. In providing deterministic global guarantees, our method also avoids the search failures that off-the-shelf heuristics often encounter on large datasets.
title A Scalable Global Optimization Algorithm For Constrained Clustering
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22519