Detecting ultralight dark matter in the Galactic Center with pulsars around Sgr A*
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908612561993728 |
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| author | Yu, Jiang-Chuan Cao, Yan Hu, Zexin Shao, Lijing |
| author_facet | Yu, Jiang-Chuan Cao, Yan Hu, Zexin Shao, Lijing |
| contents | Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) model is a leading dark matter candidate that arises naturally in extensions of the Standard Model. In the Galactic Center, ULDM manifests as dense hydrogen-like boson clouds or self-gravitating soliton cores. We present the first study of the gravitational effects of these ULDM structures on pulsar orbits around Sgr A*, using pulsar timing as a precision dynamical probe, based on a comprehensive and practical framework that includes various kinds of black hole and orbital parameters. Our analysis shows that long-term pulsar monitoring -- one of the key objectives of future SKA science -- could detect a boson cloud with a total mass as low as $O(M_\odot)$ for boson mass $m \sim 10^{-18}\,\mathrm{eV}$, and probe a wide range of soliton core masses in the lower-mass regime, assuming a conservative timing precision of $σ_{\mathrm{TOA}}=1\,\mathrm{ms}$. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22573 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Detecting ultralight dark matter in the Galactic Center with pulsars around Sgr A* Yu, Jiang-Chuan Cao, Yan Hu, Zexin Shao, Lijing High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) model is a leading dark matter candidate that arises naturally in extensions of the Standard Model. In the Galactic Center, ULDM manifests as dense hydrogen-like boson clouds or self-gravitating soliton cores. We present the first study of the gravitational effects of these ULDM structures on pulsar orbits around Sgr A*, using pulsar timing as a precision dynamical probe, based on a comprehensive and practical framework that includes various kinds of black hole and orbital parameters. Our analysis shows that long-term pulsar monitoring -- one of the key objectives of future SKA science -- could detect a boson cloud with a total mass as low as $O(M_\odot)$ for boson mass $m \sim 10^{-18}\,\mathrm{eV}$, and probe a wide range of soliton core masses in the lower-mass regime, assuming a conservative timing precision of $σ_{\mathrm{TOA}}=1\,\mathrm{ms}$. |
| title | Detecting ultralight dark matter in the Galactic Center with pulsars around Sgr A* |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22573 |