Splitting and Slow Volume Growth for Open Manifolds with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Huang, Hongzhi, Huang, Xian-Tao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Huang, Hongzhi
Huang, Xian-Tao
author_facet Huang, Hongzhi
Huang, Xian-Tao
contents In \cite{NPZ24}, Navarro-Pan-Zhu proved that the fundamental group of an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature and linear volume growth contains a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^k$ with finite index. They further asked whether the existence of a torsion-free element in the fundamental group forces the universal cover to split off an isometric $\mathbb{R}$-factor (Question 1.3 of \cite{NPZ24}). In this article, we provide an affirmative answer to this question. Specifically, we prove that if an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature has linear volume growth, then its universal cover is isometric to a metric product $\mathbb{R}^k \times N$, where $N$ is an open manifold with linear volume growth and $k$ is the integer such that $π_1(M)$ contains a $\mathbb{Z}^k$-subgroup of finite index. As a direct consequence, if the Ricci curvature is positive at some point, then the fundamental group is finite. We also establish that for an open manifold $M$ with nonnegative Ricci curvature, if the infimum of its volume growth order is strictly less than $3$ and $\tilde{M}$ has Euclidean volume growth, then the universal cover $\tilde{M}$ splits off an $\mathbb{R}^{n-2}$-factor. As an application, if $M$ has first Betti number $b_1 = n-2$ and $\tilde{M}$ has Euclidean volume growth, then its universal cover admits such a splitting. This result provides a partial answer to \cite[Question 1.6]{PY24}.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_22708
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Splitting and Slow Volume Growth for Open Manifolds with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature
Huang, Hongzhi
Huang, Xian-Tao
Differential Geometry
In \cite{NPZ24}, Navarro-Pan-Zhu proved that the fundamental group of an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature and linear volume growth contains a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^k$ with finite index. They further asked whether the existence of a torsion-free element in the fundamental group forces the universal cover to split off an isometric $\mathbb{R}$-factor (Question 1.3 of \cite{NPZ24}). In this article, we provide an affirmative answer to this question. Specifically, we prove that if an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature has linear volume growth, then its universal cover is isometric to a metric product $\mathbb{R}^k \times N$, where $N$ is an open manifold with linear volume growth and $k$ is the integer such that $π_1(M)$ contains a $\mathbb{Z}^k$-subgroup of finite index. As a direct consequence, if the Ricci curvature is positive at some point, then the fundamental group is finite. We also establish that for an open manifold $M$ with nonnegative Ricci curvature, if the infimum of its volume growth order is strictly less than $3$ and $\tilde{M}$ has Euclidean volume growth, then the universal cover $\tilde{M}$ splits off an $\mathbb{R}^{n-2}$-factor. As an application, if $M$ has first Betti number $b_1 = n-2$ and $\tilde{M}$ has Euclidean volume growth, then its universal cover admits such a splitting. This result provides a partial answer to \cite[Question 1.6]{PY24}.
title Splitting and Slow Volume Growth for Open Manifolds with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature
topic Differential Geometry
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22708