Advantage Shaping as Surrogate Reward Maximization: Unifying Pass@K Policy Gradients

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Thrampoulidis, Christos, Mahdavi, Sadegh, Deng, Wenlong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Thrampoulidis, Christos
Mahdavi, Sadegh
Deng, Wenlong
author_facet Thrampoulidis, Christos
Mahdavi, Sadegh
Deng, Wenlong
contents This note reconciles two seemingly distinct approaches to policy gradient optimization for the Pass@K objective in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards: (1) direct REINFORCE-style methods, and (2) advantage-shaping techniques that directly modify GRPO. We show that these are two sides of the same coin. By reverse-engineering existing advantage-shaping algorithms, we reveal that they implicitly optimize surrogate rewards. We specifically interpret practical "hard-example up-weighting" modifications to GRPO as reward-level regularization. Conversely, starting from surrogate reward objectives, we provide a simple recipe for deriving both existing and new advantage-shaping methods. This perspective provides a lens for RLVR policy gradient optimization beyond our original motivation of Pass@K.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_23049
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Advantage Shaping as Surrogate Reward Maximization: Unifying Pass@K Policy Gradients
Thrampoulidis, Christos
Mahdavi, Sadegh
Deng, Wenlong
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
This note reconciles two seemingly distinct approaches to policy gradient optimization for the Pass@K objective in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards: (1) direct REINFORCE-style methods, and (2) advantage-shaping techniques that directly modify GRPO. We show that these are two sides of the same coin. By reverse-engineering existing advantage-shaping algorithms, we reveal that they implicitly optimize surrogate rewards. We specifically interpret practical "hard-example up-weighting" modifications to GRPO as reward-level regularization. Conversely, starting from surrogate reward objectives, we provide a simple recipe for deriving both existing and new advantage-shaping methods. This perspective provides a lens for RLVR policy gradient optimization beyond our original motivation of Pass@K.
title Advantage Shaping as Surrogate Reward Maximization: Unifying Pass@K Policy Gradients
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23049