A Dynamical Néron--Ogg--Shafarevich Criterion via Orbital Arboreal Representations

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Main Author: Pérez-Buendía, J. Rogelio
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Pérez-Buendía, J. Rogelio
author_facet Pérez-Buendía, J. Rogelio
contents Let $K$ be a non-archimedean local field and $φ: \mathbb{P}^1 \to \mathbb{P}^1$ a rational endomorphism of degree $d \geq 2$ over $K$. In the tame case ($p \nmid d$), we show that strict good reduction is equivalent to the existence of a nonempty Zariski open subset $U_k \subset \mathbb{P}^1_k \setminus \mathrm{PC}(\widetildeφ)$ over which the canonical residual morphism is finite étale of degree $d$. The criterion separates two complementary local invariants of a normalized integral lift: $\mathrm{Res}(F,G)$ controls residual degree drop, while the fiber discriminants $\mathrm{Disc}(F_{n,x})$ control étaleness of the residual fibers once full residual degree is ensured. Consequently, for every finite $x \in \mathcal{O}_K$ with $\bar{x} \in U_k$, the extensions $K(X_n(x))/K$ are unramified for all $n \geq 1$. We introduce the orbital preimage tree $T_{O^+(x)} = \varinjlim_n X_\infty(φ^n(x))$, the colimit in $G_K$-sets along the forward orbit, and the orbital arboreal Galois image $\mathcal{G}_{O^+(x)} = \mathrm{Im}(G_K \to \mathrm{Aut}(T_{O^+(x)}))$. On the forward-invariant safe locus $U_k^{\mathrm{safe}} = \bigcap_{m \geq 0} \widetildeφ^{-m}(U_k)$, strict good reduction is captured by the bijectivity of the orbital reduction map $X_n(x_m) \to \widetilde{X}_n(\bar{x}_m)$. This canonical orbit-invariant framework connects with arboreal Galois representations (Boston-Jones, Jones, and others) and yields pointwise and orbit-level reformulations. Explicit examples over $\mathbb{Q}_p$ illustrate the criterion.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_23097
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Dynamical Néron--Ogg--Shafarevich Criterion via Orbital Arboreal Representations
Pérez-Buendía, J. Rogelio
Number Theory
Algebraic Geometry
Dynamical Systems
Group Theory
37P05, 11S15 (Primary), 37P20, 14H25 (Secondary)
Let $K$ be a non-archimedean local field and $φ: \mathbb{P}^1 \to \mathbb{P}^1$ a rational endomorphism of degree $d \geq 2$ over $K$. In the tame case ($p \nmid d$), we show that strict good reduction is equivalent to the existence of a nonempty Zariski open subset $U_k \subset \mathbb{P}^1_k \setminus \mathrm{PC}(\widetildeφ)$ over which the canonical residual morphism is finite étale of degree $d$. The criterion separates two complementary local invariants of a normalized integral lift: $\mathrm{Res}(F,G)$ controls residual degree drop, while the fiber discriminants $\mathrm{Disc}(F_{n,x})$ control étaleness of the residual fibers once full residual degree is ensured. Consequently, for every finite $x \in \mathcal{O}_K$ with $\bar{x} \in U_k$, the extensions $K(X_n(x))/K$ are unramified for all $n \geq 1$. We introduce the orbital preimage tree $T_{O^+(x)} = \varinjlim_n X_\infty(φ^n(x))$, the colimit in $G_K$-sets along the forward orbit, and the orbital arboreal Galois image $\mathcal{G}_{O^+(x)} = \mathrm{Im}(G_K \to \mathrm{Aut}(T_{O^+(x)}))$. On the forward-invariant safe locus $U_k^{\mathrm{safe}} = \bigcap_{m \geq 0} \widetildeφ^{-m}(U_k)$, strict good reduction is captured by the bijectivity of the orbital reduction map $X_n(x_m) \to \widetilde{X}_n(\bar{x}_m)$. This canonical orbit-invariant framework connects with arboreal Galois representations (Boston-Jones, Jones, and others) and yields pointwise and orbit-level reformulations. Explicit examples over $\mathbb{Q}_p$ illustrate the criterion.
title A Dynamical Néron--Ogg--Shafarevich Criterion via Orbital Arboreal Representations
topic Number Theory
Algebraic Geometry
Dynamical Systems
Group Theory
37P05, 11S15 (Primary), 37P20, 14H25 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23097