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Main Authors: He, Zhiping, Fang, Xu, Hu, Juejun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23592
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author He, Zhiping
Fang, Xu
Hu, Juejun
author_facet He, Zhiping
Fang, Xu
Hu, Juejun
contents Tunable active metasurfaces have become a major research focus in recent years. Among tuning mechanisms, all-optical coherent control stands out because it requires no material or geometric change, enabling ultrafast, low-energy, interference-based modulation of amplitude, phase, and polarization in ultrathin devices. However, when applied to phase-gradient metasurfaces, coherent control has been limited to small apertures effectively confined to a single Fresnel zone, leading to large divergence and degraded beam quality. Here we propose and numerically validate a scalable method that enables large-area coherent control. The key idea is to use coherent illumination to tune the phase gradient within each Fresnel zone while a direct search algorithm optimizes zone-by-zone parameters to meet system-level targets. Using this principle, we demonstrate continuous tuning of a large-area metasurface for continuous beam-steering without per-meta-atom phase actuation. The same framework applies broadly to continuously tunable phase-gradient optics, including varifocal metalenses, parfocal zoom metalenses, tunable axicons, and related dynamic focusing elements.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_23592
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Coherent all-optical tuning of large-area phase-gradient metasurface
He, Zhiping
Fang, Xu
Hu, Juejun
Optics
Tunable active metasurfaces have become a major research focus in recent years. Among tuning mechanisms, all-optical coherent control stands out because it requires no material or geometric change, enabling ultrafast, low-energy, interference-based modulation of amplitude, phase, and polarization in ultrathin devices. However, when applied to phase-gradient metasurfaces, coherent control has been limited to small apertures effectively confined to a single Fresnel zone, leading to large divergence and degraded beam quality. Here we propose and numerically validate a scalable method that enables large-area coherent control. The key idea is to use coherent illumination to tune the phase gradient within each Fresnel zone while a direct search algorithm optimizes zone-by-zone parameters to meet system-level targets. Using this principle, we demonstrate continuous tuning of a large-area metasurface for continuous beam-steering without per-meta-atom phase actuation. The same framework applies broadly to continuously tunable phase-gradient optics, including varifocal metalenses, parfocal zoom metalenses, tunable axicons, and related dynamic focusing elements.
title Coherent all-optical tuning of large-area phase-gradient metasurface
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23592