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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23723 |
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| author | Hall, Xander J. Palmese, Antonella O'Connor, Brendan Gruen, Daniel Busmann, Malte Gassert, Julius Hu, Lei Hernandez, Ignacio Magana Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Amsellem, Ariel Ahlen, Steven Banovetz, John BenZvi, Segev Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Castander, Francisco Javier Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei Dey, Arjun Doel, Peter Faba-Moreno, Jennifer Ferraro, Simone Font-Ribera, Andreu Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gutierrez, Gaston Guillou, Laurent Le Joyce, Dick Kisner, Theodore Kremin, Anthony Lahav, Ofer Lamman, Claire Landriau, Martin Levi, Michael de la Macorra, Axel Manera, Marc Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Moustakas, John Nadathur, Seshadri Prada, Francisco Perez-Rafols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Schubnell, Michael Sprayberry, David Tarle, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan Zhou, Rongpu Zou, Hu |
| author_facet | Hall, Xander J. Palmese, Antonella O'Connor, Brendan Gruen, Daniel Busmann, Malte Gassert, Julius Hu, Lei Hernandez, Ignacio Magana Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Amsellem, Ariel Ahlen, Steven Banovetz, John BenZvi, Segev Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Castander, Francisco Javier Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei Dey, Arjun Doel, Peter Faba-Moreno, Jennifer Ferraro, Simone Font-Ribera, Andreu Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gutierrez, Gaston Guillou, Laurent Le Joyce, Dick Kisner, Theodore Kremin, Anthony Lahav, Ofer Lamman, Claire Landriau, Martin Levi, Michael de la Macorra, Axel Manera, Marc Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Moustakas, John Nadathur, Seshadri Prada, Francisco Perez-Rafols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Schubnell, Michael Sprayberry, David Tarle, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan Zhou, Rongpu Zou, Hu |
| contents | On August 18th, 2025, the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA collaboration reported a sub-threshold gravitational wave candidate detection consistent with a sub-solar-mass neutron star merger, denoted S250818k. An optical transient, AT2025ulz, was discovered within the localization region. AT2025ulz initially appeared to meet the expected behavior of kilonova (KN) emission, the telltale signature of a binary neutron star merger. The transient subsequently rebrightened after $\sim$\,$5$ days and developed spectral features characteristic of a Type IIb supernova. In this work, we analyze the observations of the host galaxy of AT2025ulz obtained by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). From the DESI spectrum, we obtain a secure redshift of $z = 0.084840 \pm 0.000006$, which places the transient within $2σ$ of the gravitational wave distance and results in an integral overlap between the gravitational wave alert and the transient location of $\log_{10}\mathcal{I} \approx 3.9-4.2$. Our analysis of the host galaxy's spectral energy distribution reveals a star-forming, dusty galaxy with stellar mass ${\sim} 10^{10}~M_\odot$, broadly consistent with the population of both short gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernova host galaxies. We also present our follow-up of DESI-selected candidate host galaxies using the Fraunhofer Telescope at the Wendelstein Observatory, and show the promise of DESI for associating or rejecting candidate electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave alerts. These results emphasize the value of DESI's extensive spectroscopic dataset in rapidly characterizing host galaxies, enabling spectroscopic host subtraction, and guiding targeted follow-up. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_23723 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | AT2025ulz and S250818k: Leveraging DESI spectroscopy in the hunt for a kilonova associated with a sub-solar mass gravitational wave candidate Hall, Xander J. Palmese, Antonella O'Connor, Brendan Gruen, Daniel Busmann, Malte Gassert, Julius Hu, Lei Hernandez, Ignacio Magana Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Amsellem, Ariel Ahlen, Steven Banovetz, John BenZvi, Segev Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Castander, Francisco Javier Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei Dey, Arjun Doel, Peter Faba-Moreno, Jennifer Ferraro, Simone Font-Ribera, Andreu Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gutierrez, Gaston Guillou, Laurent Le Joyce, Dick Kisner, Theodore Kremin, Anthony Lahav, Ofer Lamman, Claire Landriau, Martin Levi, Michael de la Macorra, Axel Manera, Marc Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Moustakas, John Nadathur, Seshadri Prada, Francisco Perez-Rafols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Schubnell, Michael Sprayberry, David Tarle, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan Zhou, Rongpu Zou, Hu High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena On August 18th, 2025, the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA collaboration reported a sub-threshold gravitational wave candidate detection consistent with a sub-solar-mass neutron star merger, denoted S250818k. An optical transient, AT2025ulz, was discovered within the localization region. AT2025ulz initially appeared to meet the expected behavior of kilonova (KN) emission, the telltale signature of a binary neutron star merger. The transient subsequently rebrightened after $\sim$\,$5$ days and developed spectral features characteristic of a Type IIb supernova. In this work, we analyze the observations of the host galaxy of AT2025ulz obtained by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). From the DESI spectrum, we obtain a secure redshift of $z = 0.084840 \pm 0.000006$, which places the transient within $2σ$ of the gravitational wave distance and results in an integral overlap between the gravitational wave alert and the transient location of $\log_{10}\mathcal{I} \approx 3.9-4.2$. Our analysis of the host galaxy's spectral energy distribution reveals a star-forming, dusty galaxy with stellar mass ${\sim} 10^{10}~M_\odot$, broadly consistent with the population of both short gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernova host galaxies. We also present our follow-up of DESI-selected candidate host galaxies using the Fraunhofer Telescope at the Wendelstein Observatory, and show the promise of DESI for associating or rejecting candidate electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave alerts. These results emphasize the value of DESI's extensive spectroscopic dataset in rapidly characterizing host galaxies, enabling spectroscopic host subtraction, and guiding targeted follow-up. |
| title | AT2025ulz and S250818k: Leveraging DESI spectroscopy in the hunt for a kilonova associated with a sub-solar mass gravitational wave candidate |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23723 |