Fock space prethermalization and time-crystalline order on a quantum processor
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2025
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| author | Bao, Zehang Zhu, Zitian Liu, Yang-Ren Song, Zixuan Jin, Feitong Zhu, Xuhao Gao, Yu Zhang, Chuanyu Wang, Ning Zou, Yiren Tan, Ziqi Zhang, Aosai Cui, Zhengyi Shen, Fanhao Zhong, Jiarun He, Yiyang Wang, Han Yang, Jia-Nan Wang, Yanzhe Shen, Jiayuan Liu, Gongyu Han, Yihang Wu, Yaozu Deng, Jinfeng Dong, Hang Zhang, Pengfei Li, Hekang Wang, Zhen Song, Chao Cheng, Chen Mondaini, Rubem Guo, Qiujiang Huang, Biao Wang, H. |
| author_facet | Bao, Zehang Zhu, Zitian Liu, Yang-Ren Song, Zixuan Jin, Feitong Zhu, Xuhao Gao, Yu Zhang, Chuanyu Wang, Ning Zou, Yiren Tan, Ziqi Zhang, Aosai Cui, Zhengyi Shen, Fanhao Zhong, Jiarun He, Yiyang Wang, Han Yang, Jia-Nan Wang, Yanzhe Shen, Jiayuan Liu, Gongyu Han, Yihang Wu, Yaozu Deng, Jinfeng Dong, Hang Zhang, Pengfei Li, Hekang Wang, Zhen Song, Chao Cheng, Chen Mondaini, Rubem Guo, Qiujiang Huang, Biao Wang, H. |
| contents | Periodically driven quantum many-body systems exhibit a wide variety of exotic nonequilibrium phenomena and provide a promising pathway for quantum applications. A fundamental challenge for stabilizing and harnessing these highly entangled states of matter is system heating by energy absorption from the drive. Here, we propose and demonstrate a disorder-free mechanism, dubbed Fock space prethermalization (FSP), to suppress heating. This mechanism divides the Fock-space network into linearly many sparse sub-networks, thereby prolonging the thermalization timescale even for initial states at high energy densities. Using 72 superconducting qubits, we observe an FSP-based time-crystalline order that persists over 120 cycles for generic initial Fock states. The underlying kinetic constraint of approximately conserved domain wall (DW) numbers is identified by measuring site-resolved correlators. Further, we perform finite-size scaling analysis for DW and Fock-space dynamics by varying system sizes, which reveals size-independent regimes for FSP-thermalization crossover and links the dynamical behaviors to the eigenstructure of the Floquet unitary. Our work establishes FSP as a robust mechanism for breaking ergodicity, and paves the way for exploring novel nonequilibrium quantum matter and its applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_24059 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Fock space prethermalization and time-crystalline order on a quantum processor Bao, Zehang Zhu, Zitian Liu, Yang-Ren Song, Zixuan Jin, Feitong Zhu, Xuhao Gao, Yu Zhang, Chuanyu Wang, Ning Zou, Yiren Tan, Ziqi Zhang, Aosai Cui, Zhengyi Shen, Fanhao Zhong, Jiarun He, Yiyang Wang, Han Yang, Jia-Nan Wang, Yanzhe Shen, Jiayuan Liu, Gongyu Han, Yihang Wu, Yaozu Deng, Jinfeng Dong, Hang Zhang, Pengfei Li, Hekang Wang, Zhen Song, Chao Cheng, Chen Mondaini, Rubem Guo, Qiujiang Huang, Biao Wang, H. Quantum Physics Periodically driven quantum many-body systems exhibit a wide variety of exotic nonequilibrium phenomena and provide a promising pathway for quantum applications. A fundamental challenge for stabilizing and harnessing these highly entangled states of matter is system heating by energy absorption from the drive. Here, we propose and demonstrate a disorder-free mechanism, dubbed Fock space prethermalization (FSP), to suppress heating. This mechanism divides the Fock-space network into linearly many sparse sub-networks, thereby prolonging the thermalization timescale even for initial states at high energy densities. Using 72 superconducting qubits, we observe an FSP-based time-crystalline order that persists over 120 cycles for generic initial Fock states. The underlying kinetic constraint of approximately conserved domain wall (DW) numbers is identified by measuring site-resolved correlators. Further, we perform finite-size scaling analysis for DW and Fock-space dynamics by varying system sizes, which reveals size-independent regimes for FSP-thermalization crossover and links the dynamical behaviors to the eigenstructure of the Floquet unitary. Our work establishes FSP as a robust mechanism for breaking ergodicity, and paves the way for exploring novel nonequilibrium quantum matter and its applications. |
| title | Fock space prethermalization and time-crystalline order on a quantum processor |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24059 |