A natural decomposition of the Jacobi equation for some classes of $N$-body problems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Iturriaga, Renato, Maderna, Ezequiel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Iturriaga, Renato
Maderna, Ezequiel
author_facet Iturriaga, Renato
Maderna, Ezequiel
contents We consider several $N$-body problems. The main result is a very simple and natural criterion for decoupling the Jacobi equation for some classes of them. If $E$ is a Euclidean space, and the potential function $U(x)$ for the $N$-body problem is a $C^2$ function defined in an open subset of $E^N$, then the Jacobi equation along a given motion $x(t)$ writes $\ddot J=HU_x(J)$, where the endomorphism $HU_x$ of $E^N$ represents the second derivative of the potential with respect to the mass inner product. Our splitting in particular applies to the case of homographic motions by central configurations. It allows then to deduce the well known Meyer-Schmidt decomposition for the linearization of the Euler-Lagrange flow in the phase space, formulated twenty years ago to study the relative equilibria of the planar $N$-body problem. However, our decomposition principle applies in many other classes of $N$-body problems, for instance to the case of isosceles three body problem, in which Sitnikov proved the existence of oscillatory motions. As a first concrete application, for the classical three-body problem we give a simple and short proof of a theorem of Y. Ou, ensuring that if the masses verify $μ=(m_1+m_2+m_3)^2/(m_1m_2+m_2m_3+m_1m_3)<27/8$ then the elliptic Lagrange solutions are linearly unstable for any value of the excentricity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_24501
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A natural decomposition of the Jacobi equation for some classes of $N$-body problems
Iturriaga, Renato
Maderna, Ezequiel
Dynamical Systems
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
70H20 70F10 (Primary), 37J50 (Secondary)
We consider several $N$-body problems. The main result is a very simple and natural criterion for decoupling the Jacobi equation for some classes of them. If $E$ is a Euclidean space, and the potential function $U(x)$ for the $N$-body problem is a $C^2$ function defined in an open subset of $E^N$, then the Jacobi equation along a given motion $x(t)$ writes $\ddot J=HU_x(J)$, where the endomorphism $HU_x$ of $E^N$ represents the second derivative of the potential with respect to the mass inner product. Our splitting in particular applies to the case of homographic motions by central configurations. It allows then to deduce the well known Meyer-Schmidt decomposition for the linearization of the Euler-Lagrange flow in the phase space, formulated twenty years ago to study the relative equilibria of the planar $N$-body problem. However, our decomposition principle applies in many other classes of $N$-body problems, for instance to the case of isosceles three body problem, in which Sitnikov proved the existence of oscillatory motions. As a first concrete application, for the classical three-body problem we give a simple and short proof of a theorem of Y. Ou, ensuring that if the masses verify $μ=(m_1+m_2+m_3)^2/(m_1m_2+m_2m_3+m_1m_3)<27/8$ then the elliptic Lagrange solutions are linearly unstable for any value of the excentricity.
title A natural decomposition of the Jacobi equation for some classes of $N$-body problems
topic Dynamical Systems
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
70H20 70F10 (Primary), 37J50 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24501