AgentFrontier: Expanding the Capability Frontier of LLM Agents with ZPD-Guided Data Synthesis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chen, Xuanzhong, Qiao, Zile, Chen, Guoxin, Su, Liangcai, Zhang, Zhen, Wang, Xinyu, Xie, Pengjun, Huang, Fei, Zhou, Jingren, Jiang, Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chen, Xuanzhong
Qiao, Zile
Chen, Guoxin
Su, Liangcai
Zhang, Zhen
Wang, Xinyu
Xie, Pengjun
Huang, Fei
Zhou, Jingren
Jiang, Yong
author_facet Chen, Xuanzhong
Qiao, Zile
Chen, Guoxin
Su, Liangcai
Zhang, Zhen
Wang, Xinyu
Xie, Pengjun
Huang, Fei
Zhou, Jingren
Jiang, Yong
contents Training large language model agents on tasks at the frontier of their capabilities is key to unlocking advanced reasoning. We introduce a data synthesis approach inspired by the educational theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which defines this frontier as tasks an LLM cannot solve alone but can master with guidance. To operationalize this, we present the AgentFrontier Engine, an automated pipeline that synthesizes high-quality, multidisciplinary data situated precisely within the LLM's ZPD. This engine supports both continued pre-training with knowledge-intensive data and targeted post-training on complex reasoning tasks. From the same framework, we derive the ZPD Exam, a dynamic and automated benchmark designed to evaluate agent capabilities on these frontier tasks. We train AgentFrontier-30B-A3B model on our synthesized data, which achieves state-of-the-art results on demanding benchmarks like Humanity's Last Exam, even surpassing some leading proprietary agents. Our work demonstrates that a ZPD-guided approach to data synthesis offers a scalable and effective path toward building more capable LLM agents.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_24695
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle AgentFrontier: Expanding the Capability Frontier of LLM Agents with ZPD-Guided Data Synthesis
Chen, Xuanzhong
Qiao, Zile
Chen, Guoxin
Su, Liangcai
Zhang, Zhen
Wang, Xinyu
Xie, Pengjun
Huang, Fei
Zhou, Jingren
Jiang, Yong
Computation and Language
Training large language model agents on tasks at the frontier of their capabilities is key to unlocking advanced reasoning. We introduce a data synthesis approach inspired by the educational theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which defines this frontier as tasks an LLM cannot solve alone but can master with guidance. To operationalize this, we present the AgentFrontier Engine, an automated pipeline that synthesizes high-quality, multidisciplinary data situated precisely within the LLM's ZPD. This engine supports both continued pre-training with knowledge-intensive data and targeted post-training on complex reasoning tasks. From the same framework, we derive the ZPD Exam, a dynamic and automated benchmark designed to evaluate agent capabilities on these frontier tasks. We train AgentFrontier-30B-A3B model on our synthesized data, which achieves state-of-the-art results on demanding benchmarks like Humanity's Last Exam, even surpassing some leading proprietary agents. Our work demonstrates that a ZPD-guided approach to data synthesis offers a scalable and effective path toward building more capable LLM agents.
title AgentFrontier: Expanding the Capability Frontier of LLM Agents with ZPD-Guided Data Synthesis
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24695