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Hauptverfasser: Grimaldi, Antonio, Stofella, Michele, Hobbs, Billy, Karamanos, Theodoros K., Paci, Emanuele
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24860
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author Grimaldi, Antonio
Stofella, Michele
Hobbs, Billy
Karamanos, Theodoros K.
Paci, Emanuele
author_facet Grimaldi, Antonio
Stofella, Michele
Hobbs, Billy
Karamanos, Theodoros K.
Paci, Emanuele
contents Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) of protein backbone amides provides a powerful probe of conformational dynamics. However, when experiments are performed in H2O/D2O mixtures, quantitative interpretation is hindered by back exchange and isotope effects not captured by the classical Linderstrom-Lang (LL) model. We introduce a generalized Linderstrom-Lang (GLL) framework that explicitly accounts for forward and reverse exchange and for changes in protection upon isotopic substitution. Analytical solutions describe equilibrium enrichment (fractionation) and protection factors in mixtures, reducing to the LL model in pure D2O. Application to HDX/NMR of the molecular chaperone DNAJB1 in 50% D2O demonstrates that the GLL model recovers protection factors at 100% D2O. Ignoring back exchange (i.e., using the LL model) causes protection factors to be systematically underestimated. A particularly powerful feature of our approach is that a single HDX experiment in a mixture (e.g., 50% D2O) simultaneously provides protection factors that report on conformational dynamics and local stability, and fractionation factors that are sensitive to the local hydrogen-bonding environment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_24860
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Amide Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange in Isotopically Mixed Waters
Grimaldi, Antonio
Stofella, Michele
Hobbs, Billy
Karamanos, Theodoros K.
Paci, Emanuele
Chemical Physics
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) of protein backbone amides provides a powerful probe of conformational dynamics. However, when experiments are performed in H2O/D2O mixtures, quantitative interpretation is hindered by back exchange and isotope effects not captured by the classical Linderstrom-Lang (LL) model. We introduce a generalized Linderstrom-Lang (GLL) framework that explicitly accounts for forward and reverse exchange and for changes in protection upon isotopic substitution. Analytical solutions describe equilibrium enrichment (fractionation) and protection factors in mixtures, reducing to the LL model in pure D2O. Application to HDX/NMR of the molecular chaperone DNAJB1 in 50% D2O demonstrates that the GLL model recovers protection factors at 100% D2O. Ignoring back exchange (i.e., using the LL model) causes protection factors to be systematically underestimated. A particularly powerful feature of our approach is that a single HDX experiment in a mixture (e.g., 50% D2O) simultaneously provides protection factors that report on conformational dynamics and local stability, and fractionation factors that are sensitive to the local hydrogen-bonding environment.
title Amide Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange in Isotopically Mixed Waters
topic Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24860