Which Way Does Time Flow? A Psychophysics-Grounded Evaluation for Vision-Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Matta, Shiho, Pereira, Lis Kanashiro, Han, Peitao, Cheng, Fei, Kitazawa, Shigeru
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Matta, Shiho
Pereira, Lis Kanashiro
Han, Peitao
Cheng, Fei
Kitazawa, Shigeru
author_facet Matta, Shiho
Pereira, Lis Kanashiro
Han, Peitao
Cheng, Fei
Kitazawa, Shigeru
contents Modern vision-language models (VLMs) excel at many multimodal tasks, yet their grasp of temporal information in video remains weak and has not been adequately evaluated. We probe this gap with a deceptively simple but revealing challenge: judging the arrow of time (AoT)-whether a short clip is played forward or backward. We introduce AoT-PsyPhyBENCH, a psychophysically validated benchmark that tests whether VLMs can infer temporal direction in natural videos using the same stimuli and behavioral baselines established for humans. Our comprehensive evaluation of open-weight and proprietary, reasoning and non-reasoning VLMs reveals that most models perform near chance, and even the best model lags far behind human accuracy on physically irreversible processes (e.g., free fall, diffusion/explosion) and causal manual actions (division/addition) that humans recognize almost instantly. These results highlight a fundamental gap in current multimodal systems: while they capture rich visual-semantic correlations, they lack the inductive biases required for temporal continuity and causal understanding. We release the code and data for AoT-PsyPhyBENCH to encourage further progress in the physical and temporal reasoning capabilities of VLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_26241
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Which Way Does Time Flow? A Psychophysics-Grounded Evaluation for Vision-Language Models
Matta, Shiho
Pereira, Lis Kanashiro
Han, Peitao
Cheng, Fei
Kitazawa, Shigeru
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
Modern vision-language models (VLMs) excel at many multimodal tasks, yet their grasp of temporal information in video remains weak and has not been adequately evaluated. We probe this gap with a deceptively simple but revealing challenge: judging the arrow of time (AoT)-whether a short clip is played forward or backward. We introduce AoT-PsyPhyBENCH, a psychophysically validated benchmark that tests whether VLMs can infer temporal direction in natural videos using the same stimuli and behavioral baselines established for humans. Our comprehensive evaluation of open-weight and proprietary, reasoning and non-reasoning VLMs reveals that most models perform near chance, and even the best model lags far behind human accuracy on physically irreversible processes (e.g., free fall, diffusion/explosion) and causal manual actions (division/addition) that humans recognize almost instantly. These results highlight a fundamental gap in current multimodal systems: while they capture rich visual-semantic correlations, they lack the inductive biases required for temporal continuity and causal understanding. We release the code and data for AoT-PsyPhyBENCH to encourage further progress in the physical and temporal reasoning capabilities of VLMs.
title Which Way Does Time Flow? A Psychophysics-Grounded Evaluation for Vision-Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26241