Finite density QCD phase structure from strangeness fluctuations
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912679079182336 |
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| author | Borsányi, Szabolcs Fodor, Zoltán Guenther, Jana N. Kumar, Piyush Parotto, Paolo Pásztor, Attila Wong, Chik Him |
| author_facet | Borsányi, Szabolcs Fodor, Zoltán Guenther, Jana N. Kumar, Piyush Parotto, Paolo Pásztor, Attila Wong, Chik Him |
| contents | Charting the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at large density is a challenging task due to the complex action problem in lattice simulations. Through simulations at imaginary baryon chemical potential $μ_B$ we observe that, if the strangeness neutrality condition is imposed, both the strangeness chemical potential $μ_S/μ_B$ and the strangeness susceptibility $χ_2^S$ take on constant values at the chiral transition for varying $μ_B$. We present new lattice data to extrapolate contours of constant $μ_S/μ_B$ or $χ_2^S$ to finite baryon chemical potential. We argue that they are good proxies for the QCD crossover because, as we show, they are only mildly influenced by criticality and by finite volume effects. We obtain continuum limits for these proxies up to $μ_B = 400$ MeV, through a next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^2$LO) Taylor expansion based on large-statistics data on $16^3 \times 8$, $20^3 \times 10$ and $24^3 \times 12$ lattices with our 4HEX improved staggered action. We show that these are in excellent agreement with existing results for the chiral transition and, strikingly, also with analogous contours obtained with the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. On the $16^3 \times 8$ lattice, we carry out the expansion up to next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^4$LO), and extend the extrapolation beyond $μ_B=500$ MeV, again finding perfect agreement with the HRG model. This suggests that the crossover line constructed from this proxy starts deviating from the chemical freeze-out line near $μ_B\approx500$ MeV, as expected but not yet observed. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_26455 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Finite density QCD phase structure from strangeness fluctuations Borsányi, Szabolcs Fodor, Zoltán Guenther, Jana N. Kumar, Piyush Parotto, Paolo Pásztor, Attila Wong, Chik Him High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Theory Charting the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at large density is a challenging task due to the complex action problem in lattice simulations. Through simulations at imaginary baryon chemical potential $μ_B$ we observe that, if the strangeness neutrality condition is imposed, both the strangeness chemical potential $μ_S/μ_B$ and the strangeness susceptibility $χ_2^S$ take on constant values at the chiral transition for varying $μ_B$. We present new lattice data to extrapolate contours of constant $μ_S/μ_B$ or $χ_2^S$ to finite baryon chemical potential. We argue that they are good proxies for the QCD crossover because, as we show, they are only mildly influenced by criticality and by finite volume effects. We obtain continuum limits for these proxies up to $μ_B = 400$ MeV, through a next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^2$LO) Taylor expansion based on large-statistics data on $16^3 \times 8$, $20^3 \times 10$ and $24^3 \times 12$ lattices with our 4HEX improved staggered action. We show that these are in excellent agreement with existing results for the chiral transition and, strikingly, also with analogous contours obtained with the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. On the $16^3 \times 8$ lattice, we carry out the expansion up to next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^4$LO), and extend the extrapolation beyond $μ_B=500$ MeV, again finding perfect agreement with the HRG model. This suggests that the crossover line constructed from this proxy starts deviating from the chemical freeze-out line near $μ_B\approx500$ MeV, as expected but not yet observed. |
| title | Finite density QCD phase structure from strangeness fluctuations |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26455 |