_version_ 1866911242413670400
author Wang, Yibo
Wang, Tingui
Huang, Shifeng
Zhu, Jiazheng
Jiang, Ning
Lu, Wenbin
Shen, Rongfeng
Zhong, Shiyan
Lai, Dong
Yang, Yi
Shu, Xinwen
Xia, Tianyu
Luo, Di
Lyu, Jianwei
Brink, Thomas
Filippenko, Alex
Zheng, Weikang
Cai, Minxuan
Xu, Zelin
Wu, Mingxin
Zhang, Xiaer
Wu, Weiyu
Fan, Lulu
Jiang, Ji-an
Kong, Xu
Li, Bin
Lin, Feng
Liang, Ming
Luo, Wentao
Tang, Jinlong
Wan, Zhen
Wang, Hairen
Wang, Jian
Xue, Yongquan
Yao, Dazhi
Zhang, Hongfei
Zhao, Wen
Zheng, Xianzhong
Zhu, Qingfeng
Zuo, Yingxi
author_facet Wang, Yibo
Wang, Tingui
Huang, Shifeng
Zhu, Jiazheng
Jiang, Ning
Lu, Wenbin
Shen, Rongfeng
Zhong, Shiyan
Lai, Dong
Yang, Yi
Shu, Xinwen
Xia, Tianyu
Luo, Di
Lyu, Jianwei
Brink, Thomas
Filippenko, Alex
Zheng, Weikang
Cai, Minxuan
Xu, Zelin
Wu, Mingxin
Zhang, Xiaer
Wu, Weiyu
Fan, Lulu
Jiang, Ji-an
Kong, Xu
Li, Bin
Lin, Feng
Liang, Ming
Luo, Wentao
Tang, Jinlong
Wan, Zhen
Wang, Hairen
Wang, Jian
Xue, Yongquan
Yao, Dazhi
Zhang, Hongfei
Zhao, Wen
Zheng, Xianzhong
Zhu, Qingfeng
Zuo, Yingxi
contents Stars on bound orbits around a supermassive black hole may undergo repeated partial tidal disruption events (rpTDEs), producing periodic flares. While several candidates have been suggested, definitive confirmation of these events remains elusive. We report the discovery of AT2023uqm, a nuclear transient that has exhibited at least five periodic optical flares, making it only the second confirmed case of periodicity after ASASSN-14ko. Uniquely, the flares from AT2023uqm show a nearly exponential increase in energy--a "runaway" phenomenon signaling the star's progressive destruction. This behavior is consistent with rpTDEs of low-mass, main-sequence stars or evolved giant stars. Multiwavelength observations and spectroscopic analysis of the two most recent flares reinforce its interpretation as an rpTDE. Intriguingly, each flare displays a similar double-peaked structure, potentially originating from a double-peaked mass fallback rate or two discrete collisions per orbit. The extreme ratio of peak separation to orbital period draws attention to the possibility of a giant star being disrupted, which could be distinguished from a low-mass main-sequence star by its future mass-loss evolution. Our analysis demonstrates the power of rpTDEs to probe the properties of disrupted stars and the physical processes of tidal disruption, though it is currently limited by our knowledge of these events. AT2023uqm emerges as the most compelling rpTDE thus far, serving as a crucial framework for modeling and understanding these phenomena.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_26561
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Star's Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Runaway Periodic Eruptions of AT2023uqm
Wang, Yibo
Wang, Tingui
Huang, Shifeng
Zhu, Jiazheng
Jiang, Ning
Lu, Wenbin
Shen, Rongfeng
Zhong, Shiyan
Lai, Dong
Yang, Yi
Shu, Xinwen
Xia, Tianyu
Luo, Di
Lyu, Jianwei
Brink, Thomas
Filippenko, Alex
Zheng, Weikang
Cai, Minxuan
Xu, Zelin
Wu, Mingxin
Zhang, Xiaer
Wu, Weiyu
Fan, Lulu
Jiang, Ji-an
Kong, Xu
Li, Bin
Lin, Feng
Liang, Ming
Luo, Wentao
Tang, Jinlong
Wan, Zhen
Wang, Hairen
Wang, Jian
Xue, Yongquan
Yao, Dazhi
Zhang, Hongfei
Zhao, Wen
Zheng, Xianzhong
Zhu, Qingfeng
Zuo, Yingxi
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Stars on bound orbits around a supermassive black hole may undergo repeated partial tidal disruption events (rpTDEs), producing periodic flares. While several candidates have been suggested, definitive confirmation of these events remains elusive. We report the discovery of AT2023uqm, a nuclear transient that has exhibited at least five periodic optical flares, making it only the second confirmed case of periodicity after ASASSN-14ko. Uniquely, the flares from AT2023uqm show a nearly exponential increase in energy--a "runaway" phenomenon signaling the star's progressive destruction. This behavior is consistent with rpTDEs of low-mass, main-sequence stars or evolved giant stars. Multiwavelength observations and spectroscopic analysis of the two most recent flares reinforce its interpretation as an rpTDE. Intriguingly, each flare displays a similar double-peaked structure, potentially originating from a double-peaked mass fallback rate or two discrete collisions per orbit. The extreme ratio of peak separation to orbital period draws attention to the possibility of a giant star being disrupted, which could be distinguished from a low-mass main-sequence star by its future mass-loss evolution. Our analysis demonstrates the power of rpTDEs to probe the properties of disrupted stars and the physical processes of tidal disruption, though it is currently limited by our knowledge of these events. AT2023uqm emerges as the most compelling rpTDE thus far, serving as a crucial framework for modeling and understanding these phenomena.
title A Star's Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Runaway Periodic Eruptions of AT2023uqm
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26561