Neurons as Detectors of Coherent Sets in Sensory Dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L., Ding, Xuehao, Moore, Jason J., Sengupta, Anirvan M., Epstein, Charles, Greengard, Philip, Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L.
Ding, Xuehao
Moore, Jason J.
Sengupta, Anirvan M.
Epstein, Charles
Greengard, Philip
Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
author_facet Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L.
Ding, Xuehao
Moore, Jason J.
Sengupta, Anirvan M.
Epstein, Charles
Greengard, Philip
Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
contents We model sensory streams as observations from high-dimensional stochastic dynamical systems and conceptualize sensory neurons as self-supervised learners of compact representations of such dynamics. From prior experience, neurons learn coherent sets-regions of stimulus state space whose trajectories evolve cohesively over finite times-and assign membership indices to new stimuli. Coherent sets are identified via spectral clustering of the stochastic Koopman operator (SKO), where the sign pattern of a subdominant singular function partitions the state space into minimally coupled regions. For multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, this singular function reduces to a linear projection onto the dominant singular vector of the whitened state-transition matrix. Encoding this singular vector as a receptive field enables neurons to compute membership indices via the projection sign in a biologically plausible manner. Each neuron detects either a predictive coherent set (stimuli with common futures) or a retrospective coherent set (stimuli with common pasts), suggesting a functional dichotomy among neurons. Since neurons lack access to explicit dynamical equations, the requisite singular vectors must be estimated directly from data, for example, via past-future canonical correlation analysis on lag-vector representations-an approach that naturally extends to nonlinear dynamics. This framework provides a novel account of neuronal temporal filtering, the ubiquity of rectification in neural responses, and known functional dichotomies. Coherent-set clustering thus emerges as a fundamental computation underlying sensory processing and transferable to bio-inspired artificial systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_26955
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neurons as Detectors of Coherent Sets in Sensory Dynamics
Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L.
Ding, Xuehao
Moore, Jason J.
Sengupta, Anirvan M.
Epstein, Charles
Greengard, Philip
Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
Neurons and Cognition
We model sensory streams as observations from high-dimensional stochastic dynamical systems and conceptualize sensory neurons as self-supervised learners of compact representations of such dynamics. From prior experience, neurons learn coherent sets-regions of stimulus state space whose trajectories evolve cohesively over finite times-and assign membership indices to new stimuli. Coherent sets are identified via spectral clustering of the stochastic Koopman operator (SKO), where the sign pattern of a subdominant singular function partitions the state space into minimally coupled regions. For multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, this singular function reduces to a linear projection onto the dominant singular vector of the whitened state-transition matrix. Encoding this singular vector as a receptive field enables neurons to compute membership indices via the projection sign in a biologically plausible manner. Each neuron detects either a predictive coherent set (stimuli with common futures) or a retrospective coherent set (stimuli with common pasts), suggesting a functional dichotomy among neurons. Since neurons lack access to explicit dynamical equations, the requisite singular vectors must be estimated directly from data, for example, via past-future canonical correlation analysis on lag-vector representations-an approach that naturally extends to nonlinear dynamics. This framework provides a novel account of neuronal temporal filtering, the ubiquity of rectification in neural responses, and known functional dichotomies. Coherent-set clustering thus emerges as a fundamental computation underlying sensory processing and transferable to bio-inspired artificial systems.
title Neurons as Detectors of Coherent Sets in Sensory Dynamics
topic Neurons and Cognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26955