Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
Fuente:
arXiv
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| _version_ | 1866914126649884672 |
|---|---|
| author | Sun, Tian-Yang Li, Tian-Nuo Wang, He Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin |
| author_facet | Sun, Tian-Yang Li, Tian-Nuo Wang, He Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin |
| contents | The cosmic microwave background power spectra are a primary window into the early universe. However, achieving interpretable, likelihood-compatible compression and fast inference under weak model assumptions remains challenging. We propose a parameter-conditioned variational autoencoder (CVAE) that aligns a data-driven latent representation with cosmological parameters while remaining compatible with standard likelihood analyses. The model achieves high-fidelity compression of the $D_\ell^{TT}$, $D_\ell^{EE}$, and $D_\ell^{TE}$ spectra into just 5 latent dimensions, with reconstruction accuracy exceeding $99.9\%$ within Planck uncertainties. It reliably reconstructs spectra for beyond-$Λ$CDM scenarios, even under parameter extrapolation, and enables rapid inference, reducing the computation time from $\sim$40 hours to $\sim$2 minutes while maintaining posterior consistency. The learned latent space demonstrates a physically meaningful structure, capturing a distributed representation that mirrors known cosmological parameters and their degeneracies. Moreover, it supports highly effective unsupervised discrimination among cosmological models, achieving performance competitive with supervised approaches. Overall, this physics-informed CVAE enables anomaly detection beyond $Λ$CDM and points to physically meaningful directions for refinement. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27086 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra Sun, Tian-Yang Li, Tian-Nuo Wang, He Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology The cosmic microwave background power spectra are a primary window into the early universe. However, achieving interpretable, likelihood-compatible compression and fast inference under weak model assumptions remains challenging. We propose a parameter-conditioned variational autoencoder (CVAE) that aligns a data-driven latent representation with cosmological parameters while remaining compatible with standard likelihood analyses. The model achieves high-fidelity compression of the $D_\ell^{TT}$, $D_\ell^{EE}$, and $D_\ell^{TE}$ spectra into just 5 latent dimensions, with reconstruction accuracy exceeding $99.9\%$ within Planck uncertainties. It reliably reconstructs spectra for beyond-$Λ$CDM scenarios, even under parameter extrapolation, and enables rapid inference, reducing the computation time from $\sim$40 hours to $\sim$2 minutes while maintaining posterior consistency. The learned latent space demonstrates a physically meaningful structure, capturing a distributed representation that mirrors known cosmological parameters and their degeneracies. Moreover, it supports highly effective unsupervised discrimination among cosmological models, achieving performance competitive with supervised approaches. Overall, this physics-informed CVAE enables anomaly detection beyond $Λ$CDM and points to physically meaningful directions for refinement. |
| title | Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27086 |