Extreme breakdown of the Einstein relation in liquid water under centrifugation
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866914127066169344 |
|---|---|
| author | Wild, Joseph F. Li, Yihan Liang, Keyue Gujarathi, Aishwarya S. Chen, Heng Halliday, Alex N. Cox, Stephen E. Yang, Yuan |
| author_facet | Wild, Joseph F. Li, Yihan Liang, Keyue Gujarathi, Aishwarya S. Chen, Heng Halliday, Alex N. Cox, Stephen E. Yang, Yuan |
| contents | We present evidence that the Einstein relation (ER) breaks down completely in pure water and dilute aqueous solutions under strong centrifugation fields at 40 oC. Isotopologues (e.g., H2O-18) and solutes migrate at a speed of only 5% of that predicted based on the ER. The ER is restored with the addition of solutes above a transition concentration (ct). We further discovered a new scaling law between the solute's partial molar density, the centrifugal acceleration, and ct, which can be quantitatively described by a two-phase model in analog to the Avrami model for phase transformation. The breakdown may stem from long-range dipole interactions or the hydrogen bond network in water, which are disrupted by the presence of solutes. This report shows that studying transport under centrifugation can be a new strategy to understand fundamental transport properties and complex interactions in liquids. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27561 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Extreme breakdown of the Einstein relation in liquid water under centrifugation Wild, Joseph F. Li, Yihan Liang, Keyue Gujarathi, Aishwarya S. Chen, Heng Halliday, Alex N. Cox, Stephen E. Yang, Yuan Soft Condensed Matter We present evidence that the Einstein relation (ER) breaks down completely in pure water and dilute aqueous solutions under strong centrifugation fields at 40 oC. Isotopologues (e.g., H2O-18) and solutes migrate at a speed of only 5% of that predicted based on the ER. The ER is restored with the addition of solutes above a transition concentration (ct). We further discovered a new scaling law between the solute's partial molar density, the centrifugal acceleration, and ct, which can be quantitatively described by a two-phase model in analog to the Avrami model for phase transformation. The breakdown may stem from long-range dipole interactions or the hydrogen bond network in water, which are disrupted by the presence of solutes. This report shows that studying transport under centrifugation can be a new strategy to understand fundamental transport properties and complex interactions in liquids. |
| title | Extreme breakdown of the Einstein relation in liquid water under centrifugation |
| topic | Soft Condensed Matter |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27561 |