Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liu, Yuhong, Zhang, Beichen, Zang, Yuhang, Cao, Yuhang, Xing, Long, Dong, Xiaoyi, Duan, Haodong, Lin, Dahua, Wang, Jiaqi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27606
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866912727279075328
author Liu, Yuhong
Zhang, Beichen
Zang, Yuhang
Cao, Yuhang
Xing, Long
Dong, Xiaoyi
Duan, Haodong
Lin, Dahua
Wang, Jiaqi
author_facet Liu, Yuhong
Zhang, Beichen
Zang, Yuhang
Cao, Yuhang
Xing, Long
Dong, Xiaoyi
Duan, Haodong
Lin, Dahua
Wang, Jiaqi
contents Spatial understanding remains a weakness of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and recent reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) pipelines depend on costly supervision, specialized tools, or constrained environments that limit scale. We introduce Spatial-SSRL, a self-supervised RL paradigm that derives verifiable signals directly from ordinary RGB or RGB-D images. Spatial-SSRL automatically formulates five pretext tasks that capture 2D and 3D spatial structure: shuffled patch reordering, flipped patch recognition, cropped patch inpainting, regional depth ordering, and relative 3D position prediction. These tasks provide ground-truth answers that are easy to verify and require no human or LVLM annotation. Training on our tasks substantially improves spatial reasoning while preserving general visual capabilities. On seven spatial understanding benchmarks in both image and video settings, Spatial-SSRL delivers average accuracy gains of 4.63% (3B) and 3.89% (7B) over the Qwen2.5-VL baselines. Our results show that simple, intrinsic supervision enables RLVR at scale and provides a practical route to stronger spatial intelligence in LVLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27606
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Spatial-SSRL: Enhancing Spatial Understanding via Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learning
Liu, Yuhong
Zhang, Beichen
Zang, Yuhang
Cao, Yuhang
Xing, Long
Dong, Xiaoyi
Duan, Haodong
Lin, Dahua
Wang, Jiaqi
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Spatial understanding remains a weakness of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and recent reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) pipelines depend on costly supervision, specialized tools, or constrained environments that limit scale. We introduce Spatial-SSRL, a self-supervised RL paradigm that derives verifiable signals directly from ordinary RGB or RGB-D images. Spatial-SSRL automatically formulates five pretext tasks that capture 2D and 3D spatial structure: shuffled patch reordering, flipped patch recognition, cropped patch inpainting, regional depth ordering, and relative 3D position prediction. These tasks provide ground-truth answers that are easy to verify and require no human or LVLM annotation. Training on our tasks substantially improves spatial reasoning while preserving general visual capabilities. On seven spatial understanding benchmarks in both image and video settings, Spatial-SSRL delivers average accuracy gains of 4.63% (3B) and 3.89% (7B) over the Qwen2.5-VL baselines. Our results show that simple, intrinsic supervision enables RLVR at scale and provides a practical route to stronger spatial intelligence in LVLMs.
title Spatial-SSRL: Enhancing Spatial Understanding via Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learning
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27606