Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Zexu, Rahimian, M. Amin, Fang, Lei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Zexu
Rahimian, M. Amin
Fang, Lei
author_facet Li, Zexu
Rahimian, M. Amin
Fang, Lei
contents Collective foragers, from animals to robotic swarms, must balance exploration and exploitation to locate sparse resources efficiently. While social learning is known to facilitate this balance, how the range of information sharing shapes group-level outcomes remains unclear. Here, we develop a minimal collective foraging model in which individuals combine independent exploration, local exploitation, and socially guided movement. We show that foraging efficiency is maximized at an intermediate social learning range, where groups exploit discovered resources without suppressing independent discovery. This optimal regime also minimizes temporal burstiness in resource intake, reducing starvation risk. Increasing social learning range further improves equity among individuals but degrades efficiency through redundant exploitation. Introducing risky (negative) targets shifts the optimal range upward; in contrast, when penalties are ignored, randomly distributed negative cues can further enhance efficiency by constraining unproductive exploration. Together, these results reveal how local information rules regulate a fundamental trade-off between efficiency, stability, and equity, providing design principles for biological foraging systems and engineered collectives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27683
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging
Li, Zexu
Rahimian, M. Amin
Fang, Lei
Physics and Society
Multiagent Systems
Social and Information Networks
Collective foragers, from animals to robotic swarms, must balance exploration and exploitation to locate sparse resources efficiently. While social learning is known to facilitate this balance, how the range of information sharing shapes group-level outcomes remains unclear. Here, we develop a minimal collective foraging model in which individuals combine independent exploration, local exploitation, and socially guided movement. We show that foraging efficiency is maximized at an intermediate social learning range, where groups exploit discovered resources without suppressing independent discovery. This optimal regime also minimizes temporal burstiness in resource intake, reducing starvation risk. Increasing social learning range further improves equity among individuals but degrades efficiency through redundant exploitation. Introducing risky (negative) targets shifts the optimal range upward; in contrast, when penalties are ignored, randomly distributed negative cues can further enhance efficiency by constraining unproductive exploration. Together, these results reveal how local information rules regulate a fundamental trade-off between efficiency, stability, and equity, providing design principles for biological foraging systems and engineered collectives.
title Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging
topic Physics and Society
Multiagent Systems
Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27683