Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915692815581184 |
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| author | Li, Zexu Rahimian, M. Amin Fang, Lei |
| author_facet | Li, Zexu Rahimian, M. Amin Fang, Lei |
| contents | Collective foragers, from animals to robotic swarms, must balance exploration and exploitation to locate sparse resources efficiently. While social learning is known to facilitate this balance, how the range of information sharing shapes group-level outcomes remains unclear. Here, we develop a minimal collective foraging model in which individuals combine independent exploration, local exploitation, and socially guided movement. We show that foraging efficiency is maximized at an intermediate social learning range, where groups exploit discovered resources without suppressing independent discovery. This optimal regime also minimizes temporal burstiness in resource intake, reducing starvation risk. Increasing social learning range further improves equity among individuals but degrades efficiency through redundant exploitation. Introducing risky (negative) targets shifts the optimal range upward; in contrast, when penalties are ignored, randomly distributed negative cues can further enhance efficiency by constraining unproductive exploration. Together, these results reveal how local information rules regulate a fundamental trade-off between efficiency, stability, and equity, providing design principles for biological foraging systems and engineered collectives. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27683 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging Li, Zexu Rahimian, M. Amin Fang, Lei Physics and Society Multiagent Systems Social and Information Networks Collective foragers, from animals to robotic swarms, must balance exploration and exploitation to locate sparse resources efficiently. While social learning is known to facilitate this balance, how the range of information sharing shapes group-level outcomes remains unclear. Here, we develop a minimal collective foraging model in which individuals combine independent exploration, local exploitation, and socially guided movement. We show that foraging efficiency is maximized at an intermediate social learning range, where groups exploit discovered resources without suppressing independent discovery. This optimal regime also minimizes temporal burstiness in resource intake, reducing starvation risk. Increasing social learning range further improves equity among individuals but degrades efficiency through redundant exploitation. Introducing risky (negative) targets shifts the optimal range upward; in contrast, when penalties are ignored, randomly distributed negative cues can further enhance efficiency by constraining unproductive exploration. Together, these results reveal how local information rules regulate a fundamental trade-off between efficiency, stability, and equity, providing design principles for biological foraging systems and engineered collectives. |
| title | Social learning moderates the tradeoffs between efficiency, stability, and equity in group foraging |
| topic | Physics and Society Multiagent Systems Social and Information Networks |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27683 |