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Main Authors: Ai, Wen-Yuan, Ellis, Sebastian A. R., Pradler, Josef
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27690
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author Ai, Wen-Yuan
Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
Pradler, Josef
author_facet Ai, Wen-Yuan
Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
Pradler, Josef
contents Gravitational waves are thought to propagate unattenuated through matter due to a cancellation between graviton absorption and stimulated emission inferred from leading-order soft-graviton arguments. We revisit this reasoning and show that it fails for the converse problem: the effect of a gravitational-wave background on matter. For unstable particles, real graviton emission \emph{and} absorption appear to enhance decay rates. By extending the soft-graviton framework describing real and virtual processes in a gravitational wave background, and resumming them to all orders, we show that inclusive decay rates remain essentially unchanged. The mutual transparency between matter and gravitational radiation thus follows from infrared safety, and not from a fortuitous cancellation in the lowest-order approximation of exclusive rates.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_27690
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Soft Gravitons, Hard Truths: Infrared Safety of Particle Processes in a Gravitational-Wave Background
Ai, Wen-Yuan
Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
Pradler, Josef
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Gravitational waves are thought to propagate unattenuated through matter due to a cancellation between graviton absorption and stimulated emission inferred from leading-order soft-graviton arguments. We revisit this reasoning and show that it fails for the converse problem: the effect of a gravitational-wave background on matter. For unstable particles, real graviton emission \emph{and} absorption appear to enhance decay rates. By extending the soft-graviton framework describing real and virtual processes in a gravitational wave background, and resumming them to all orders, we show that inclusive decay rates remain essentially unchanged. The mutual transparency between matter and gravitational radiation thus follows from infrared safety, and not from a fortuitous cancellation in the lowest-order approximation of exclusive rates.
title Soft Gravitons, Hard Truths: Infrared Safety of Particle Processes in a Gravitational-Wave Background
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27690