Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866911613622157312 |
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| author | Kogan, Healey Pardoe, Frederick C. L. Witek, Helvi |
| author_facet | Kogan, Healey Pardoe, Frederick C. L. Witek, Helvi |
| contents | Scattering black holes spin up and gain mass through the re-absorption of orbital angular momentum and energy radiated in gravitational waves during their encounter. In this work, we perform a series of numerical relativity simulations to investigate the spin-up and mass-gain for equal-mass black holes with a wide range of equal initial spins, $χ_{\rm i}\in[-0.7,0.7]$, aligned (or anti-aligned) to the orbital angular momentum. We also consider a variety of initial momenta. Furthermore, we explore a range of incident angles and identify the threshold between scattering and merging configurations. The spin-up and mass-gain are typically largest in systems with incident angles close to the threshold value, large momenta, and negative (i.e. anti-aligned) initial spins. When evaluated at the threshold angle, we find that the spin-up decreases linearly with initial spin. Intriguingly, systems with initial spin $χ_{\rm i}=0.7$ sometimes experience a spin-down, in spite of an increase in the black-hole angular momentum, due to a corresponding gain in the black-hole mass. Across the simulation suite, we find a maximum spin-up of $0.3$ and a maximum increase in the black-hole mass of $15\%$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_00307 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes Kogan, Healey Pardoe, Frederick C. L. Witek, Helvi General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Scattering black holes spin up and gain mass through the re-absorption of orbital angular momentum and energy radiated in gravitational waves during their encounter. In this work, we perform a series of numerical relativity simulations to investigate the spin-up and mass-gain for equal-mass black holes with a wide range of equal initial spins, $χ_{\rm i}\in[-0.7,0.7]$, aligned (or anti-aligned) to the orbital angular momentum. We also consider a variety of initial momenta. Furthermore, we explore a range of incident angles and identify the threshold between scattering and merging configurations. The spin-up and mass-gain are typically largest in systems with incident angles close to the threshold value, large momenta, and negative (i.e. anti-aligned) initial spins. When evaluated at the threshold angle, we find that the spin-up decreases linearly with initial spin. Intriguingly, systems with initial spin $χ_{\rm i}=0.7$ sometimes experience a spin-down, in spite of an increase in the black-hole angular momentum, due to a corresponding gain in the black-hole mass. Across the simulation suite, we find a maximum spin-up of $0.3$ and a maximum increase in the black-hole mass of $15\%$. |
| title | Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00307 |