U-centrality: A Network Centrality Measure Based on Minimum Energy Control for Laplacian Dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zheng, Xinran, Massai, Leonardo, Franceschetti, Massimo, Touri, Behrouz
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zheng, Xinran
Massai, Leonardo
Franceschetti, Massimo
Touri, Behrouz
author_facet Zheng, Xinran
Massai, Leonardo
Franceschetti, Massimo
Touri, Behrouz
contents Network centrality is a foundational concept for quantifying the importance of nodes within a network. Many traditional centrality measures--such as degree and betweenness centrality--are purely structural and often overlook the dynamics that unfold across the network. However, the notion of a node's importance is inherently context-dependent and must reflect both the system's dynamics and the specific objectives guiding its operation. Motivated by this perspective, we propose a dynamic, task-aware centrality framework rooted in optimal control theory. By formulating a problem on minimum energy control of average opinion based on Laplacian dynamics and focusing on the variance of terminal state, we introduce a novel centrality measure--termed U-centrality--that quantifies a node's ability to unify the agents' state. We demonstrate that U-centrality interpolates between known measures: it aligns with degree centrality in the short-time horizon and converges to a new centrality over longer time scales which is closely related to current-flow closeness centrality. This work bridges structural and dynamical approaches to centrality, offering a principled, versatile tool for network analysis in dynamic environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_00339
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle U-centrality: A Network Centrality Measure Based on Minimum Energy Control for Laplacian Dynamics
Zheng, Xinran
Massai, Leonardo
Franceschetti, Massimo
Touri, Behrouz
Social and Information Networks
Optimization and Control
Network centrality is a foundational concept for quantifying the importance of nodes within a network. Many traditional centrality measures--such as degree and betweenness centrality--are purely structural and often overlook the dynamics that unfold across the network. However, the notion of a node's importance is inherently context-dependent and must reflect both the system's dynamics and the specific objectives guiding its operation. Motivated by this perspective, we propose a dynamic, task-aware centrality framework rooted in optimal control theory. By formulating a problem on minimum energy control of average opinion based on Laplacian dynamics and focusing on the variance of terminal state, we introduce a novel centrality measure--termed U-centrality--that quantifies a node's ability to unify the agents' state. We demonstrate that U-centrality interpolates between known measures: it aligns with degree centrality in the short-time horizon and converges to a new centrality over longer time scales which is closely related to current-flow closeness centrality. This work bridges structural and dynamical approaches to centrality, offering a principled, versatile tool for network analysis in dynamic environments.
title U-centrality: A Network Centrality Measure Based on Minimum Energy Control for Laplacian Dynamics
topic Social and Information Networks
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00339