Reversal Invariance in Autoregressive Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteur principal: Sahasrabudhe, Mihir
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Sahasrabudhe, Mihir
author_facet Sahasrabudhe, Mihir
contents We formalize a structural property of the causal (autoregressive) language modeling (CLM) objective: reversal invariance. Formally, the next-token prediction loss assigns identical likelihood to a corpus and its reversal, implying that standard CLM pretraining is direction-blind. This symmetry explains why models trained on reversed text can achieve comparable performance to those trained on forward text, despite the inherently time-asymmetric nature of human language and reasoning. We argue that this invariance represents a limitation of current pretraining objectives rather than a benign artifact. If natural language encodes directional dependencies - phonological, morphological, or causal - a symmetric objective may fail to capture them. We therefore propose viewing pretraining through the lens of temporal asymmetry, motivating future work on loss functions and architectures that explicitly model the arrow of language while retaining standard language modeling capacity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_00341
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reversal Invariance in Autoregressive Language Models
Sahasrabudhe, Mihir
Computation and Language
We formalize a structural property of the causal (autoregressive) language modeling (CLM) objective: reversal invariance. Formally, the next-token prediction loss assigns identical likelihood to a corpus and its reversal, implying that standard CLM pretraining is direction-blind. This symmetry explains why models trained on reversed text can achieve comparable performance to those trained on forward text, despite the inherently time-asymmetric nature of human language and reasoning. We argue that this invariance represents a limitation of current pretraining objectives rather than a benign artifact. If natural language encodes directional dependencies - phonological, morphological, or causal - a symmetric objective may fail to capture them. We therefore propose viewing pretraining through the lens of temporal asymmetry, motivating future work on loss functions and architectures that explicitly model the arrow of language while retaining standard language modeling capacity.
title Reversal Invariance in Autoregressive Language Models
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00341