Balancing Interpretability and Performance in Motor Imagery EEG Classification: A Comparative Study of ANFIS-FBCSP-PSO and EEGNet

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Main Authors: Aktar, Farjana, Ameen, Mohd Ruhul, Islam, Akif, Hamid, Md Ekramul
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Aktar, Farjana
Ameen, Mohd Ruhul
Islam, Akif
Hamid, Md Ekramul
author_facet Aktar, Farjana
Ameen, Mohd Ruhul
Islam, Akif
Hamid, Md Ekramul
contents Achieving both accurate and interpretable classification of motor-imagery EEG remains a key challenge in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. In this paper, we compare a transparent fuzzy-reasoning approach (ANFIS-FBCSP-PSO) with a well-known deep-learning benchmark (EEGNet) using the publicly available BCI Competition IV-2a dataset. The ANFIS pipeline combines filter-bank common spatial pattern feature extraction with fuzzy IF-THEN rules optimized via particle-swarm optimization, while EEGNet learns hierarchical spatial-temporal representations directly from raw EEG data. In within-subject experiments, the fuzzy-neural model performed better (68.58% +/- 13.76% accuracy, kappa = 58.04% +/- 18.43), while in cross-subject (LOSO) tests, the deep model exhibited stronger generalization (68.20% +/- 12.13% accuracy, kappa = 57.33% +/- 16.22). The study therefore provides practical guidance for selecting MI-BCI systems according to the design goal: interpretability or robustness across users. Future investigations into transformer-based and hybrid neuro-symbolic frameworks are expected to further advance transparent EEG decoding.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_00369
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Balancing Interpretability and Performance in Motor Imagery EEG Classification: A Comparative Study of ANFIS-FBCSP-PSO and EEGNet
Aktar, Farjana
Ameen, Mohd Ruhul
Islam, Akif
Hamid, Md Ekramul
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Achieving both accurate and interpretable classification of motor-imagery EEG remains a key challenge in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. In this paper, we compare a transparent fuzzy-reasoning approach (ANFIS-FBCSP-PSO) with a well-known deep-learning benchmark (EEGNet) using the publicly available BCI Competition IV-2a dataset. The ANFIS pipeline combines filter-bank common spatial pattern feature extraction with fuzzy IF-THEN rules optimized via particle-swarm optimization, while EEGNet learns hierarchical spatial-temporal representations directly from raw EEG data. In within-subject experiments, the fuzzy-neural model performed better (68.58% +/- 13.76% accuracy, kappa = 58.04% +/- 18.43), while in cross-subject (LOSO) tests, the deep model exhibited stronger generalization (68.20% +/- 12.13% accuracy, kappa = 57.33% +/- 16.22). The study therefore provides practical guidance for selecting MI-BCI systems according to the design goal: interpretability or robustness across users. Future investigations into transformer-based and hybrid neuro-symbolic frameworks are expected to further advance transparent EEG decoding.
title Balancing Interpretability and Performance in Motor Imagery EEG Classification: A Comparative Study of ANFIS-FBCSP-PSO and EEGNet
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00369