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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mazoochi, Farideh, Tabatabaei, Fatemeh S., Barnes, Ashley T., Colzi, Laura, García, Pablo, Henkel, Christian, Hu, Yue, Longmore, Steven N., Martín, Sergio, Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Rivilla, Víctor M., Schmiedeke, Anika, Ott, Juergen, Walke, Daniel L., Wang, Q. Daniel, Williams, Gwenllian M., Zhang, Suinan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00661
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Table of Contents:
  • The circumnuclear region of the Galactic Center offers a unique laboratory to study energy balance and structure formation around Sgr A$\star$. This work investigates thermal and nonthermal processes within 7 pc distance from Sgr A$\star$. Using MeerKAT 1.3 GHz radio continuum data and ALMA H40 radio recombination line emission from the ACES survey, we separate free-free and synchrotron components at $\sim$0.2 pc resolution. With a thermal fraction of $\simeq$13%, the 1.3 GHz emission shows tight correlations with the Herschel PACS infrared data. The correlation between the equipartition magnetic field and molecular gas traced by JCMT $^{12}$CO (J=3$\rightarrow$2) observations reveals a balance between the magnetic field, cosmic rays, and molecular gas pressures south of the circumnuclear disk on $\sim$0.7 pc scales. Unlike the magnetic field and ionized gas, the molecular gas density declines in the cavity (R$\leq$2 pc) toward the center, likely due to feedback from Sgr A$\star$. We find that nonthermal pressure from turbulent gas nearly balances magnetic and cosmic ray pressures and exceeds thermal pressure by two orders of magnitude. The medium surrounding Sgr A$\star$ is filled by a low-$β$ (thermal-to-magnetic energy), supersonic plasma, with an Alfvén Mach number $\simeq$ 4 (assuming equipartition). Analysis of the mass-to-magnetic flux ratio suggests that the circumnuclear region is mostly subcritical and, therefore, the magnetic field can help stabilize gas clouds against gravitational collapse.